بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم
1. The ‘Îd prayer should be performed in a musalla.
The Prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم always offered the ‘Îd prayers in the Musalla [flat open area that is apart from the Masjid] which was located at the eastern entrance to Madînah. (Zâd Al-Ma’âd 3/182)
Thus, majority of the scholars hold that the Sunnah is to pray the ‘Îd prayer in the Musalla. (Praying ‘Îd in the Musalla is the Sunnah of Shaykh Al-Albânî p.20)
2. Taking Ghusl
‘Abdullâh Ibn ‘Umar used to perform Ghusl for the two ‘Îds before going out to the ‘Îd prayer.
(See Ahkâm Al-‘Îdayn of Al-Faryâbi, Al-Muwatta of Imâm Mâlik 428, Al-Matâlib Al-‘Âliyah 2753)
Ibn Rushd said: There is a consensus amongst the jurists upon the religious recommendation of Ghusl for the two ‘Îd prayers. (Bidâyat al-Mujtahid wa Nihâyat al-Muqtasid 1/8/pg 247)
3. Adorning oneself with the best clothes and using ones best scents
The Prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم used to wear his best clothes for the ‘Îd prayers, such as a ‘Hulla, two green Burds, or a red Burd. (Zâd Al-Ma’âd 3/183)
See Sahîh Ibn Khuzaimah 1756, As-Sahîhah of Albânî 1279.
‘Abdullâh Ibn ‘Umar would wear his best clothes and use his best scents before going out to the ‘Îd prayer. (Al-Matâlib Al-‘Âliyah 2753)
Imâm Shâfi’î said: The children should wear the best that they have the means to, boys and girls. (Al-Umm 1/387)
4. Eating a few odd number of dates before going out for ‘Îd al-Fitr
Anas Ibn Mâlik narrated that Allâh’s Messenger صلى الله عليه وسلم never proceeded (for the prayer) on the Day of ‘Îd-ul-Fitr unless he had eaten some dates. Anas also narrated: The Prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم used to eat odd number of dates. (Sahîh Bukhârî 953)
‘Abdullâh Ibn Buraidah narrated from his father that: the prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم would not leave on ‘Îd-ul-Fitr until he ate, and he would not eat on ‘Îd-ul-Adhâ until he prayed. (At-Tirmidhî 542. Declared Sahîh by Al-Albânî)
Ibn Rushd said: The jurists agreed that it is recommended for one to eat something on the day of ‘Îd-ul-Fitr before departing for the place of prayer, and that he should not eat anything on the day of ‘Id-ul-Adhâ except after the completion of the prayer. (Bidâyat al-Mujtahid wa Nihâyat al-Muqtasid 1/8/p.253)
5. It is Sunnah to walk to the ‘Îd prayer
‘Alî Ibn Abî Tâlib narrated: It is from the Sunnah to leave for the ‘Îd prayer walking. (At-Tirmidhî 530. Declared Hasan by Al-Albânî)
Imâm At-Tirmidhî said: This narration is acted upon according to the majority of the people of knowledge, they consider it recommended for a man to leave for ‘Îd walking.
6. It is Sunnah to go to the ‘Îd prayer one way and return by another
Narrated Jâbir Ibn ‘Abdullâh: On the Day of ‘Îd the Prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم used to return (after offering the ‘Îd prayer) through a way different from that by which he went. (Sahîh Bukhârî 986)
7. The prayer of ‘Îd-ul-Fitr should be delayed and for ‘Îd-ul-Adhâ should be hastened
‘Abdullâh Ibn Busr, the companion of the Messenger of Allâh صلى الله عليه وسلم, once went with the people on the day of ‘Îd, Fitr or Adhâ. He criticized the delay of the Imâm and said: ‘We used to be finished at this hour’ and that was at the time that one could pray voluntary prayers. (Abû Dawûd 1135. Declared Sahîh by Al-Albânî)
Ibn al-Qayyim said: The Prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم used to delay the ‘Îd-ul-Fitr prayer and hasten performing ‘Îd-ul-Adhâ. (Zâd Al-Ma’âd 3/185)
8. To recite Takbîr on the day of ‘Îd (whether male or female)
Ibn ‘Umar would proceed to the Musalla and recite Takbîr audibly on the way there until the Imâm arrived. (Al-Faryâbi, Zâd Al-Ma’âd, Al-Dâraqutnî)
Narrated by Umm ‘Atiyah: We used to be ordered to come out on the Day of ‘Îd and even bring out the virgin girls from their houses and menstruating women so that they might stand behind the men and say Takbîr with them and invoke Allâh along with them and hope for the blessings of that day and for purification from sins. (Sahîh Bukhârî 971)
The Takbîr is i.e Allâhu Akbar, Allâhu Akbar, Lâ ilâha ill-Allâh, Allâhu Akbar, Allâhu Akbar, wa lillâhil-hamd (Allâh is Great, Allâh is Great, none has the right to be worshipped but Allâh, Allâh is Great, Allâh is Great, To Allâh belongs all praise). (Ibn Abî Shaybah, Irwa 3:125)
9. There is no Adhân or Iqâmah prior to the prayer
Ibn ‘Abbâs and Jâbir Ibn ‘Abdullâh al-Ansârî reported: “There was no Adhân on the (occasion) of ‘Îd-ul-Fitr and ‘Îd-ul-Adhâ.” (Sahîh Muslim 886)
Jâbir Ibn Samurah said: “I prayed with the Messenger of Allâh صلى الله عليه وسلم on two ‘Îds more than once or twice without there being Adhân and Iqâmah.” (Sahîh Muslim 887)
10. The prayer consists of 2 rak’ah & is performed before the Khutbah & there is no prayer before or after it
Narrated by ‘Abdullâh Ibn ‘Umar: Allâh’s Messenger صلى الله عليه وسلم used to offer the prayer of ‘Îd-ul-Adhâ and ‘Îd-ul-Fitr and then deliver the Khutbah after the prayer. (Sahîh Bukhârî 957)
Narrated Ibn ‘Abbâs: The Prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم offered a two rak’ah prayer on the Day of ‘Îd-ul-Fitr and he did not pray before or after it. (Sahîh Bukhârî 964)
11. There are 7 Takbîrs in the first rak’ah & 5 in the second rak’ah
Narrated by ‘Âisha :The Messenger of Allâh صلى الله عليه وسلم would say the Takbîr (Allah is the Most Great) seven times in the first rak’ah and five times in the second rak’ah on the day of ‘Îd-ul-Fitr and ‘Îd-ul-Adhâ. (Abû Dawûd 1149. Declared Sahîh by Al-Albânî)
Ibn Al-Qayyim said : The Prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم paused briefly between each Takbîr. (Zâd Al-Ma’âd 3/187)
‘Abdullâh Ibn Mas’ûd used to praise Allâh [saying Alhamdulillâh), glorify Him [saying Subhân-Allâh) and send Salah upon the Prophet [saying i.e Sala-Allâhu ‘Alayhi wa Salam] in between the Takbîrs. (Irwâ al-Ghalil 3/115)
12. What to recite after Sûrah Al-Fâtihah
‘Abdullâ Ibn ‘Umar reported that (his father) ‘Umar Ibn Khattab asked Abû Wâqid al-Laithi what the Messenger of Allah صلى الله عليه وسلم used to recite on ‘Îd-ul-Adhâ and ‘Îd-ul-Fitr. He said: He used to recite in them:” Qâf. By the Glorious Qur’ân” (Sûrah Qâf: 50),” The Hour has drawn near, and the moon has been cleft asunder” (Sûrah Al-Qamar: 54) (Sahîh Muslim 891)
Al-Num’ân Ibn Bashîr reported: The Messenger of Allâh صلى الله عليه وسلم would recite in the two ‘Îd prayers and in the Friday prayer the Sûrahs, “Glorify the name of your Lord the Most High,” ( Sûrah Al-A’lâ:87) and, “Has there come to you the report of the overwhelming?” (Sûrah Al-Ghâshiyah:88). If the ‘Îd and Friday prayers occurred on the same day, he would recite them in both prayers. (Sahîh Muslim 878)
13. The concession to remain and listen to the Khutbah or to depart
Narrated by ‘Abdullâh Ibn as-Sâ’ib: I attended the ‘Îd prayer along with the Messenger of Allâh صلى الله عليه وسلم. When he finished the prayer, he said: We shall deliver the sermon; he who likes to sit for listening to it may sit and he who likes to depart, may depart. (Abû Dawûd 1155. Declared Sahîh by Al-Albânî)
14. Giving ‘Îd greetings
Jubayr Ibn Nufayr said: The companions of the Messenger of Allâh صلى الله عليه وسلم would say to one another: May Allâh accept it from us and you [Taqabbal Allâhu minna wa minkum], if they met on the day of ‘Îd. (Fath al-Bârî 2/446)
15. Concession not to attend Jumu’ah if ‘Îd falls on a Friday
Narrated by Abû Hurayrah: The Prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم said: Two festivals (‘Îd and Friday) have coincided on this day. He who wishes does not have to attend the Jumu’ah prayer. But we shall offer the Jumu’ah prayer. (Abû Dawûd 1073. Declared Sahîh by Al-Albânî)
16. The days of ‘Îd are days of eating and drinking
The prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم said:” The greatest of all days before Allâh is the Day of Nahr (sacrifice)..” (Abû Dawûd 1765. Declared Sahîh by Al-Albânî)
The prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم said:”The day of ‘Arafah, The day of Nahr, and The days of Tashrîq are ‘Îd for us, the people of Islâm, and they are days of eating and drinking” (At-Tirmidhî 773. Declared Sahîh by Al-Albânî)
The prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم said: “The days of Tashrîq are the days of eating, drinking and remembering Allâh.” (Sahîh Muslim 1141)
Abû Huraira reported that the Messenger of Allâh صلى الله عليه وسلم forbade fasting on these two days: ‘Îd-ul-Adhâ and ‘Îd-ul-Fitr. (Sahîh Muslim 1138)
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