بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم
- It is Allâh Who has created mankind & their diversity
يَـٰٓأَيُّهَا ٱلنَّاسُ إِنَّا خَلَقۡنَٰكُم مِّن ذَكَرٖ وَأُنثَىٰ وَجَعَلۡنَٰكُمۡ شُعُوبٗا وَقَبَآئِلَ لِتَعَارَفُوٓاْۚ إِنَّ أَكۡرَمَكُمۡ عِندَ ٱللَّهِ أَتۡقَىٰكُمۡۚ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ عَلِيمٌ خَبِيرٞ ٣١
O mankind! We have created you from a male and a female, and made you into nations and tribes, that you may know one another. Verily, the most honourable of you with Allâh is that (believer) who has At-Taqwa [i.e. one of the Muttaqun (pious – see V. 2:2). Verily, Allâh is All-Knowing, All-Aware. (Sûrah al-Hujurat 49:13)
It was narrated from Ibn ‘Abbâs:
لاَ أَرَى أَحَدًا يَعْمَلُ بِهَذِهِ الْآيَةِ: {يَا أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ إِنَّا خَلَقْنَاكُمْ مِنْ ذَكَرٍ وَأُنْثَى} حَتَّى بَلَغَ: {إِنَّ أَكْرَمَكُمْ عِنْدَ اللهِ أَتْقَاكُمْ}، فَيَقُولُ الرَّجُلُ لِلرَّجُلِ: أَنَا أَكْرَمُ مِنْكَ، فَلَيْسَ أَحَدٌ أَكْرَمَ مِنْ أَحَدٍ إِلا بِتَقْوَى اللهِ
“I do not see anyone who acts by this ayat: ‘ O Mankind! We created you from a male and a female, and made you into nations and tribes, that you may know one another. Verily, the most honourable of you with Allâh is that (believer) who has At-Taqwa.’ (49:13) One man says to another man, ‘I am more noble than you are.’ No one is nobler than another person except by taqwa.” (Bukhârî, Adab al-Mufrad 898. Declared Sahîh by Al-Albânî)
Imâm Ibn Kathîr explains the verse by saying:
“
Allâh the Exalted declares to mankind that He has created them all from a single person,’ Âdam, and from that person He created his mate, Hawwa’. From their offspring He made nations, comprised of tribe, which include subtribes of all sizes. It was also said that nations refers to non-Arabs, while tribes refers to Arabs. Therefore, all people are the descendants of ‘Âdam and Hawwa’ and share this honor equally. The only difference between them is in the religion that revolves around their obedience to Allâh the Exalted and their following of His Messenger . After He forbade backbiting and belittling other people, alerting mankind that they are all equal in their humanity.” (Tafsir Ibn Kathîr 49:13)
وَمِنۡ ءَايَٰتِهِۦ خَلۡقُ ٱلسَّمَٰوَٰتِ وَٱلۡأَرۡضِ وَٱخۡتِلَٰفُ أَلۡسِنَتِكُمۡ وَأَلۡوَٰنِكُمۡۚ إِنَّ فِي ذَٰلِكَ لَأٓيَٰتٖ لِّلۡعَٰلِمِينَ ٢٢
And among His Signs is the creation of the heavens and the earth, and the difference of your languages and colours. Verily, in that are indeed signs for men of sound knowledge. (Sûrah ar-Rûm 30:22)
The Prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم said:
إِنَّ اللَّهَ تَعَالَى خَلَقَ آدَمَ مِنْ قَبْضَةٍ قَبَضَهَا مِنْ جَمِيعِ الأَرْضِ فَجَاءَ بَنُو آدَمَ عَلَى قَدْرِ الأَرْضِ فَجَاءَ مِنْهُمُ الأَحْمَرُ وَالأَبْيَضُ وَالأَسْوَدُ وَبَيْنَ ذَلِكَ وَالسَّهْلُ وَالْحَزْنُ وَالْخَبِيثُ وَالطَّيِّبُ
“Indeed Allâh Most High created Âdam from a handful that He took from all of the earth. So the children of Âdam come in according with the earth, some of them come red, and white and black, and between that, and the thin, the thick, the filthy, and the clean.” (At-Tirmidhî 2955. Declared Sahîh by Al-Albânî)
- No person is better than another person except through Taqwâ [righteousness]
The Prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم said [To Âbû Dharr]:
انظرْ فإنَّك لستَ بخيرٍ من أحمرَ و لا أسودَ ، إلا أن تفضلَه بتقوى
“Look, since you are not better than a white person nor a black person, except if you exceed him in Taqwâ (righteousness).” (Sahîh al-Jâmi’ 1505)
He صلى الله عليه وسلم likewise said:
يا أيُّها النَّاسُ ! إنَّ ربَّكم واحدٌ ، وإنَّ أباكم واحدٌ ، ألا لا فضلَ لعربيٍّ على عجميٍّ ، ولا لعجميٍّ على عربيٍّ ، ولا لأحمرَ على أسودَ ، ولا لأسودَ على أحمرَ إلَّا بالتَّقوَى
“O people, your Lord is one and your father (Adam) is one. There is no virtue of an Arab over a foreigner, nor a foreigner over an Arab, and neither white over black nor black over white, except by righteousness.” (As-Sahîhah of Al-Albânî 2700. Hilyât al-Awliyâ 3/100 of Âbû Nu’aym. & Others)
- Racism / Tribalism / Nationalism are affairs of al-Jâhiliyyah [pre-Islâmic times of ignorance]
The Prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم said:
مَنْ قَاتَلَ تَحْتَ رَايَةٍ عُمِّيَّةٍ يُقَاتِلُ عَصَبِيَّةً وَيَغْضَبُ لِعَصَبِيَّةٍ فَقِتْلَتُهُ جَاهِلِيَّةٌ
“Whoever fights under a banner of ignorance, or is angered for the sake of al-Asabiyyah [nationalism,tribalism] or advocates al-Asabiyyah, then he has died a death of Jahiliyyah.” (An-Nasâ’i 4115. Declared Sahîh by Al-Albânî)
The Prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم said:
وَمَنِ ادَّعَى دَعْوَى الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ فَإِنَّهُ مِنْ جُثَا جَهَنَّمَ ” . فَقَالَ رَجُلٌ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ وَإِنْ صَلَّى وَصَامَ قَالَ ” وَإِنْ صَلَّى وَصَامَ فَادْعُوا بِدَعْوَى اللَّهِ الَّذِي سَمَّاكُمُ الْمُسْلِمِينَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ عِبَادَ اللَّه
“… And whoever calls with the call of Jâhiliyyah then he will be from the rock piles of Hell.” A man said: “O Messenger of Allâh! Even if he performs Salâh (prayer) and fasts?” So he (ﷺ) said: “Even if he performs Salâh and fasts. So call with the call that Allâh named you with: Muslims, believers, worshipers of Allah.” (At-Tirmidhî 2863. Declared Sahîh by Al-Albânî)
قَالَ أَخْبَرَنِي عَمْرُو بْنُ دِينَارٍ، أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ جَابِرًا ـ رضى الله عنه ـ يَقُولُ غَزَوْنَا مَعَ النَّبِيِّ صلى الله عليه وسلم وَقَدْ ثَابَ مَعَهُ نَاسٌ مِنَ الْمُهَاجِرِينَ حَتَّى كَثُرُوا، وَكَانَ مِنَ الْمُهَاجِرِينَ رَجُلٌ لَعَّابٌ فَكَسَعَ أَنْصَارِيًّا، فَغَضِبَ الأَنْصَارِيُّ غَضَبًا شَدِيدًا، حَتَّى تَدَاعَوْا، وَقَالَ الأَنْصَارِيُّ يَا لَلأَنْصَارِ. وَقَالَ الْمُهَاجِرِيُّ يَا لَلْمُهَاجِرِينَ. فَخَرَجَ النَّبِيُّ صلى الله عليه وسلم فَقَالَ ” مَا بَالُ دَعْوَى أَهْلِ الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ ”. ثُمَّ قَالَ ” مَا شَأْنُهُمْ ”. فَأُخْبِرَ بِكَسْعَةِ الْمُهَاجِرِيِّ الأَنْصَارِيَّ قَالَ فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ صلى الله عليه وسلم ” دَعُوهَا فَإِنَّهَا خَبِيثَةٌ
Sahih al-Bukhari 3518
Narrated by Jâbir: We were in the company of the Prophet (ﷺ) in a Ghazwa. A large number of emigrants joined him and among the emigrants there was a person who used to play jokes; so he (jokingly) shoved the emigrant. The Ansari (emigrant) got so angry that both of them called their people. The Ansari said, “Help, O Ansar!” And the emigrant said “Help, O emigrants!” The Prophet (ﷺ) came out and said, “What is wrong with the people (as they are calling) this call of the period of Ignorance? “Then he said, “What is the matter with them?” So he was told about the shove of the emigrant to the Ansari. The Prophet (ﷺ) said, “Stop these calls for they are evil.” (Sahîh Bukhârî 3518)
عَنِ الْمَعْرُورِ، عَنْ أَبِي ذَرٍّ، قَالَ رَأَيْتُ عَلَيْهِ بُرْدًا وَعَلَى غُلاَمِهِ بُرْدًا فَقُلْتُ لَوْ أَخَذْتَ هَذَا فَلَبِسْتَهُ كَانَتْ حُلَّةً، وَأَعْطَيْتَهُ ثَوْبًا آخَرَ. فَقَالَ كَانَ بَيْنِي وَبَيْنَ رَجُلٍ كَلاَمٌ، وَكَانَتْ أُمُّهُ أَعْجَمِيَّةً، فَنِلْتُ مِنْهَا فَذَكَرَنِي إِلَى النَّبِيِّ صلى الله عليه وسلم فَقَالَ لِي ” أَسَابَبْتَ فُلاَنًا ”. قُلْتُ نَعَمْ. قَالَ ” أَفَنِلْتَ مِنْ أُمِّهِ ”. قُلْتُ نَعَمْ. قَالَ ” إِنَّكَ امْرُؤٌ فِيكَ جَاهِلِيَّةٌ ”. قُلْتُ عَلَى حِينِ سَاعَتِي هَذِهِ مِنْ كِبَرِ السِّنِّ قَالَ ” نَعَمْ، هُمْ إِخْوَانُكُمْ، جَعَلَهُمُ اللَّهُ تَحْتَ أَيْدِيكُمْ، فَمَنْ جَعَلَ اللَّهُ أَخَاهُ تَحْتَ يَدِهِ فَلْيُطْعِمْهُ مِمَّا يَأْكُلُ، وَلْيُلْبِسْهُ مِمَّا يَلْبَسُ، وَلاَ يُكَلِّفُهُ مِنَ الْعَمَلِ مَا يَغْلِبُهُ، فَإِنْ كَلَّفَهُ مَا يَغْلِبُهُ فَلْيُعِنْهُ عَلَيْهِ
Ma’rur narrated: I saw Abû Dharr wearing a Burd (garment) and his slave too was wearing a Burd, so I said (to Abû Dharr), “If you take this (Burda of your slave) and wear it (along with yours), you will have a nice suit (costume) and you may give him another garment.” Abû Dharr said, “There was a quarrel between me and another man whose mother was a non-Arab and I called her bad names. The man mentioned (complained about) me to the Prophet. The Prophet (ﷺ) said, “Did you abuse so-and-so?” I said, “Yes” He said, “Did you call his mother bad names?” I said, “Yes”. He said, “You still have the traits of (the Pre-lslamic period of) ignorance.” I said. “(Do I still have ignorance) even now in my old age?” He said, “Yes, they (slaves or servants) are your brothers, and Allâh has put them under your care. So the one under whose hand Allâh has put his brother, should feed him of what he eats, and give him dresses of what he wears, and should not ask him to do a thing beyond his capacity. And if at all he asks him to do a hard task, he should help him therein.” (Sahîh Bukhârî 6050)
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