بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم
Three days of every month
Ibn Kathīr said: At the beginning of Islām, they fasted three days of every month, then this was abrogated by the fast in the month of Ramadān. This was narrated from Mu’ādh, ibn Mas’ūd, Ibn ‘Abbās, and others. (Umdatul Tafsīr 1/218)
Ibn ‘Abbās said regarding the verse: ‘Oh you who believe! Fasting is prescribed for you as it was prescribed to those before you…‘, it was three days of every month, then it was abrogated by what Allāh revealed regarding fasting in the month of Ramadān…(Ibn Jarīr 3/157)
Day of ‘Āshūrah
Jābir bin Samurah reported that the Messenger of Allāh (ﷺ) commanded us to observe fast on the day of ‘Āshūrah and encouraged us to do so and he would check on us when that day came. But when (fasting) in Ramadān was made obligatory, he neither commanded us nor forbade us, and he did not check on us. (Sahīh Muslim 1128)
‘Abdullāh bin Mas’ūd said: (The day of ‘Āshūrah) is a day on which the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) used to observe fast before the (fasting) in the month of Ramadān (became) obligatory. But when it became obligatory the (fasting of ‘Āshūrah) was abandoned (as obligatory). (Sahīh Muslim 1127)
Mu’ādh bin Jabal said: Prayer passed through three stages and fasting also passed through three stages. As for fasting The Messenger of Allāh (ﷺ) used to fast for three days every month, and would fast on the day of ‘Āshūrah. Then Allāh revealed the verse ‘Oh you who believe! Fasting is prescribed for you as it was prescribed to those before you…’ so whoever wished to fast would fast and whoever wished not to fast, and instead feed a poor person then he was permitted to do so… After this, fasting was obligated on the one who witnessed the month (of Ramadān), and the traveler was required to make up the missed days, and the old man/woman who could not fast was required to feed the poor… (Abū Dawūd 507).
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