Sîrah Series: Salmân Al-Fârisî Searches For The Truth

بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم

Narrated on the authority of ‘Âsim Ibn ‘Umar Ibn Qatâdah Al-Ansârî Ibn Mahmûd Ibn Labîd from ‘Abdullâh Ibn ‘Abbâs that Salmân Al-Fârisî told him:

I was a Persian from Isfahân [present day Iran], from a village called Jayy. My father was the mayor of the village and I was dearer to him than anything else in the world. His love for me went to such an extent that he shut me in his house as if I were a girl. I was a zealous Magian and I became the keeper of the sacred fire,replenishing it and not letting it go out for a moment. My father owned a large farm, and one day he was busy constructing a building, and he told me to go out and take care of the business and gave me some orders. On my way to the farm, I passed by a church and heard them praying, so I went in to investigate. I did not know much about people since I was not allowed to leave the house. Thus, this was something new to me and I came to realise that there was a new religion. I was quite impressed by their method of praying and I ended up staying with them until sunset neglecting my father’s farm. I asked about the origin of their religion and they said: “It is in Shâm [present day Palestine, Jordan, Syria, Lebanon]. I returned to my father who sent people searching for me, something that interrupted his work. He asked me where I had been and he reproached me for not obeying his instructions. I told him that I had passed by some men who were praying in their church and that I was so pleased with what I saw of their religion that I stayed with them until sunset. He said: “My son, there is no good in that religion; the religion of your fathers is better.” “No,” I said: “No, by Allâh, it is better than our religion.” My father, having got even more worried that his son would change his religion, chained me in the house and imprisoned me there. While in shackles, I managed to send a message to the Christians telling then to inform me if there was a caravan going to Shâm.

When the Christian merchants from Shâm came to the Christians of my village, they told me about them. I asked them to tell me when the merchants had finished their business and wanted to go back to their own country and they did. Thereupon, I cast off the fetters from my feet and went with them to Shâm. When I reached Shâm I asked about the most learned man of Christianity. I was directed to the Bishop. I went to him and told him that I liked this religion and would like to accompany him to serve his church, learn from him, and pray with him. He invited me to come in and I did so. The Bishop was a bad man as he used to ask the people to donate and then he would keep the donations for himself rather than distributing them among the poor, until he collected seven chests of gold and silver. For this reason, I hated him. When he died, the Christians wanted to give him a proper burial but I exposed his evil deeds and led them to where he used to keep the money that he had collected unlawfully. This angered the people and they ended up crucifying and stoning him instead. They appointed someone in his place and I have never seen a non-Muslim whom I consider more virtuous, more ascetic, more devoted to the next life, and more consistent night and day than this man. Thus, I loved him as I had never loved anyone before.

I stayed him with for a long time until he was about to die. I told him how much I loved him and asked him to confide me to someone else. He said: “My dear son, today I do not know anyone who is as I am. Men have died and have either altered or abandoned most of their true religion, except a man in Mawsil [a city in present day Irâq]; he follows my religion, so join him.”

Therefore, after his death and burial, I attached myself to the man of Mawsil telling him that so-and-so had confided me to him when he died and told me that you follow the same path. I stayed with him and found him just as he had been described, but it was not long before he died and I asked him to confide me to someone else. He replied that he only knew one man, in Nisibis [a city in present day Turkey], who followed the same path and he recommended me to go to him. I stayed with this good man in Nisibis for some time and before he died he recommended me to go to a colleague in ‘Amûrîyyah [a city in present day Turkey]. I stayed with him for some time and worked until I owned some cows and a small flock of sheep, then when he was about to die I asked him to confide me to someone else. He told me that he knew no one following the same path, and said: “Except that a prophet is about to emerge and would be sent with the religion of Ibrahîm; he would come forth in Arabia and would migrate to somewhere with date palms growing between two scorched rocky plains. That prophet would have unmistakable signs: he would eat things given to him as gifts but not charity, and between his shoulders there is a seal of Prophethood. If you can go there, then do so.”

After his death and burial, I stayed in ‘Amûrîyyah as long as Allâh willed. Then a group of Arab merchants from the tribe of Kalb passed by me and I asked them to take me to Arabia and I would give them the cows and sheep I had with me. They accepted the offer and took me with them until we reached Wâdi Al-Qura [North of Madînah], where they sold me to a Jew as a slave. Seeing the palm-trees I hoped that this would be the town which my master had described to me, but I was not certain.

Then a cousin of my Jewish master from Banu Quraythah of Madînah came and bought me and carried me away to this city. By Allâh, as soon as I saw it I recognised it from the description of the man of ‘Amûrîyyah. I dwelt there and the Messenger of Allâh was sent and lived in Makkah,but I did not hear about him because I was fully occupied as a slave. Then, he migrated to Madînah. While I was on top of a palm-tree belonging to my master, who was sitting below it, his cousin came and said to him: “May Allâh destroy Banu Qaylah! They are now receiving a man at Quba who has come to them from Makkah claiming he is a prophet.”

On hearing him, I trembled and was about to fall on my master, so I came down from the palm-tree and began to say to his cousin: “What did you say? What did you say?” My master was angry and gave me a heavy blow, saying: “This is none of your business! Get back to your work.” I said: “I just wanted to verify his report.”

I took a little food and went in the evening to the Messenger of Allâh who was in Quba [outskirts of Medînah], and said: “I heard that you are a very good man and have companions who are strangers and needy. So I have brought you this food as charity and I think that you are the one who deserves it most.” The Messenger of Allâh accepted the food from me and told his companions to eat but he did not join them. I said to myself:” This is the first sign. “

Later, I brought some food to the Messenger of Allâh who was on his way to Madînah. I went to him, greeted him and said: “I saw that you did not eat charity. So I hope that you accept this food as a gift from me.” I handed the food to the Messenger of Allâh who invited his companions to come and eat and he joined them.”

I said to myself :”This is the second sign.”

Then I went to him and visited him at Baqî’ [cemetery of Madînah], while he was following a funeral procession. The Messenger of Allâh was sitting with his companions while wearing two cloaks, I greeted him and went around him to see his back, feeling that I was trying to look for something that was described for me, he uncovered his back, throwing off the cloak that was covering his shoulders. On doing so, I recognised the seal of Prophethood and I started kissing him and weeping. Then, the Prophet asked me to stand up and I told him my story as I told you, O Ibn ‘Abbâs. My story appealed much to the Prophet and he asked me to narrate it to his companions.

Then, Salmân was engaged in slavery and could not attend with the Messenger of Allâh both battles of Badr and Uhud.

Salmân resumed: Then, the Messenger of Allâh said to me: “Conclude a deed of emancipation with your master for a certain sum of money, O Salmân!” I concluded a written deed of emancipation with my master in return for three hundred date-palm trees to plant and forty ounces. The Messenger of Allâh said to him companions:”Help your brother (Salmân).” They helped me, each according to his capacity, one with thirty plants, another with twenty, a third with fifteen and a fourth with ten, and so until I collected three hundred plants. Then, the Messenger of Allâh said to me: “Go, O Salmân, and dig for them, until when you finish, inform me.”

I did accordingly, and my companions helped me until when I finished, I came and informed him, thereupon the Messenger of Allâh came out with me and placed the plants with his own hand, until we finished from them entirely. By Him in Whose Hand is the life of Salmân, none of them died.

Thus, I fulfilled the date-palm trees and the money was still due on me. Later on, the Messenger of Allâh received a precious stone like a chicks egg, thereupon he asked: “What has the Persiab Mukâtab done?” I was invited and brought to him, and he said to me: “Take this, and fulfill what is due on you therefrom.” I said: “O Messenger of Allâh! What could this do?” he said: “Take it, no doubt Allâh will fulfill, through it, on your behalf.” I took it and by Him in Whose Hand is the life of Salmân, weighed from it forty ounces and gave what was due on me.” Thus, Salmân was freed. He said: I attended, along with the Messenger of Allâh the battle of Al-Khandaq as free, and from that time on, no event with him (The Prophet) skipped me.

Musnad Imâm Ahmad 23737. Ibn Kathir in Al-Bidâyah wa An-Nihâyah 1602. Al-Mustadrak of Al-Hâkim. Declared as Hasan in Silsilah As-Sahîhah 2/556 of Al-Albânî. Declared Hasan by Shu’ayb Al-Arnaût in his checking of Musnad Imâm Ahmad.

حدثني عاصم بن عمر بن قتادة الأنصاري عن محمود بن لبيد عن عبد الله بن عباس قال: حدثني سلمان الفارسي من فيه، قال: كنت رجلا فارسيا من أهل أصبهان من أهل قرية يقال لها: جي وكان أبي دهقان قريته، وكنت أحب خلق الله إليه، لم يزل حبه إياي حتى حبسني في بيته كما تحبس الجارية، واجتهدت في المجوسية حتى كنت قطن النار التي يوقدها لا يتركها تخبو ساعة قال: وكانت لأبي ضيعة عظيمة قال: فشغل في بنيان له يوما فقال لي: يا بني إني قد شغلت في بنياني هذا اليوم عن ضيعتي فاذهب إليها فاطلعها، وأمرني فيها ببعض ما يريد، ثم قال لي: ولا تحتبس عني فإنك إن احتبست عني كنت أهم إلي من ضيعتي، وشغلتني عن كل شيء من أمري قال: فخرجت أريد ضيعته التي بعثني إليها فمررت بكنيسة من كنائس النصارى فسمعت أصواتهم فيها وهم يصلون، وكنت لا أدري ما أمر الناس لحبس أبي إياي في بيته فلما سمعت أصواتهم دخلت عليهم أنظر ما يصنعون فلما رأيتهم أعجبتني صلاتهم، ورغبت في أمرهم، وقلت: هذا والله خير من الدين الذي نحن عليه فوالله ما برحتهم حتى غربت الشمس، وتركت ضيعة أبي فلم آتها ثم قلت لهم: أين أصل هذا الدين قالوا بالشام فرجعت إلى أبي وقد بعث في طلبي، وشغلته عن أمره كله فلما جئت قال: أي بني أين كنت ألم أكن عهدت إليك ما عهدت؟
قال: قلت: يا أبت مررت بأناس يصلون في كنيسة لهم فأعجبني ما رأيت من دينهم فوالله ما زلت عندهم حتى غربت الشمس قال: أي بني ليس في ذلك الدين خير، دينك ودين آبائك خير منه. قال: قلت: كلا والله إنه لخير من ديننا؟ قال: فخافني فجعل في رجلي قيدا ثم حبسني في بيته. قال: وبعثت إلى النصارى فقلت لهم: إذا قدم عليكم ركب من الشام فأخبروني بهم قال: فقدم عليهم ركب من الشام تجار من النصارى فأخبروني بهم فقلت لهم: إذا قضوا حوائجهم وأرادوا الرجعة إلى بلادهم فآذنوني. قال: فلما أرادوا الرجعة إلى بلادهم أخبروني بهم فألقيت الحديد من رجلي، ثم خرجت معهم حتى قدمت الشام فلما قدمتها قلت: من أفضل أهل هذا الدين علما؟ قالوا: الأسقف في الكنيسة قال: فجئته فقلت له: إني قد رغبت في هذا الدين وأحببت أن أكون معك وأخدمك في كنيستك وأتعلم منك فأصلي معك. قال: ادخل فدخلت معه فكان رجل سوء يأمرهم بالصدقة ويرغبهم فيها فإذا جمعوا له شيئا منها كنزه لنفسه، ولم يعطه المساكين حتى جمع سبع قلال من ذهب، وورق قال: وأبغضته بغضا شديدا لما رأيته يصنع ثم مات، واجتمعت له النصارى ليدفنوه فقلت لهم: إن هذا كان رجل سوء يأمركم بالصدقة ويرغبكم فيها فإذا جئتموه بها اكتنزها لنفسه، ولم يعط المساكين منها شيئا قال: فقالوا لي: وما علمك بذلك؟ قال: فقلت لهم: أنا أدلكم على كنزه قالوا: فدلنا قال: فأريتهم موضعه فاستخرجوا سبع قلال مملوءة ذهبا وورقا فلما رأوها قالوا: لا ندفنه أبدا قال: فصلبوه ورجموه بالحجارة، وجاءوا برجل آخر فجعلوه مكانه. قال: يقول سلمان: فما رأيت رجلا لا يصلي الخمس أرى أنه أفضل منه أزهد في الدنيا ولا أرغب في الآخرة ولا أدأب ليلا ونهارا، قال: فأحببته حبا لم أحب شيئا قبله مثله.
قال: فأقمت معه زمانا، ثم حضرته الوفاة فقلت له: إني قد كنت معك وأحببتك حبا لم أحبه شيئا قبلك، وقد حضرك ما ترى من أمر الله تعالى فإلى من توصي بي وبم تأمرني به؟ قال: أي بني والله ما أعلم اليوم أحدا على ما كنت عليه لقد هلك الناس وبدلوا وتركوا أكثر ما كانوا عليه، إلا رجلا بالموصل وهو فلان وهو على ما كنت عليه فالحق به قال: فلما مات وغيب، لحقت بصاحب الموصل فقلت: يا فلان إن فلانا أوصاني عند موته أن ألحق بك، وأخبرني أنك على أمره فقال لي أقم عندي فأقمت عنده فوجدته خير رجل على أمر صاحبه فلم يلبث أن مات فلما حضرته الوفاة قلت له: يا فلان إن فلانا أوصى بي إليك، وأمرني باللحوق بك وقد حضرك من أمر الله ما ترى فإلى من توصي بي وبم تأمرني؟ قال: يا بني والله ما أعلم رجلا على مثل ما كنا عليه إلا رجلا بنصيبين وهو فلان فالحق به فلما مات وغيب، لحقت بصاحب نصيبين فأخبرته خبري وما أمرني به صاحباي فقال: أقم عندي فأقمت عنده فوجدته على أمر صاحبيه فأقمت مع خير رجل فوالله ما لبث أن نزل به الموت فلما حضر قلت له: يا فلان إن فلانا كان أوصى بي إلى فلان، ثم أوصى بي فلان إلى فلان، ثم أوصى بي فلان إليك فإلى من توصي بي، وبم تأمرني؟ قال: يا بني والله ما أعلمه بقي أحد على أمرنا آمرك أن تأتيه إلا رجلا بعمورية من أرض الروم فإنه على مثل ما نحن عليه فإن أحببت فائته فإنه على أمرنا.
فلما مات وغيب لحقت بصاحب عمورية فأخبرته خبري فقال: أقم عندي فأقمت عند خير رجل على هدي أصحابه وأمرهم. قال: واكتسبت حتى كانت لي بقرات وغنيمة. قال: ثم نزل به أمر الله فلما حضر قلت له: يا فلان إني كنت مع فلان فأوصى بي إلى فلان، ثم أوصى بي فلان إلى فلان، ثم أوصى بي فلان إلى فلان، ثم أوصى بي فلان إليك فإلى من توصي بي وبم تأمرني؟ قال: أي بني والله ما أعلمه أصبح أحد على مثل ما كنا عليه من الناس آمرك أن تأتيه، ولكنه قد أظل زمان نبي مبعوث بدين إبراهيم يخرج بأرض العرب. مهاجره إلى أرض بين حرتين بينهما نخل به علامات لا تخفى; يأكل الهدية ولا يأكل الصدقة بين كتفيه خاتم النبوة فإن استطعت أن تلحق بتلك البلاد فافعل قال: ثم مات وغيب، ومكثت بعمورية ما شاء الله أن أمكث، ثم مر بي نفر من كلب تجار فقلت لهم: احملوني إلى أرض العرب، وأعطيكم بقراتي هذه، وغنيمتي هذه قالوا: نعم فأعطيتهموها وحملوني معهم حتى إذا بلغوا وادي القرى ظلموني فباعوني من رجل يهودي عبدا فكنت عنده، ورأيت النخل فرجوت أن يكون البلد الذي وصف لي صاحبي، ولم يحق في نفسي.
فبينا أنا عنده إذ قدم عليه ابن عم له من بني قريظة من المدينة فابتاعني منه فاحتملني إلى المدينة فوالله ما هو إلا أن رأيتها فعرفتها بصفة صاحبي لها فأقمت بها، وبعث رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم فأقام بمكة ما أقام ولا أسمع له بذكر مما أنا فيه من شغل الرق، ثم هاجر إلى المدينة فوالله إني لفي رأس عذق لسيدي أعمل فيه بعض العمل، وسيدي جالس تحتي إذ أقبل ابن عم له حتى وقف عليه فقال: يا فلان قاتل الله بني قيلة والله إنهم لمجتمعون الآن بقباء على رجل قدم من مكة اليوم يزعمون أنه نبي قال سلمان: فلما سمعتها أخذتني العرواء حتى ظننت أني ساقط على سيدي فنزلت عن النخلة فجعلت أقول لابن عمه ماذا تقول؟ ماذا تقول؟ قال: فغضب سيدي فلكمني لكمة شديدة، ثم قال ما لك ولهذا؟ أقبل على عملك قال: فقلت: لا شيء إنما أردت أن أستثبته عما قال.
قال: وقد كان عندي شيء قد جمعته فلما أمسيت أخذته، ثم ذهبت به إلى رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم وهو بقباء فدخلت عليه فقلت له: إنه قد بلغني أنك رجل صالح، ومعك أصحاب لك غرباء ذوو حاجة. وهذا شيء كان عندي للصدقة فرأيتكم أحق به من غيركم قال: فقربته إليه فقال رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم: لأصحابه كلوا وأمسك يده فلم يأكل فقلت في نفسي هذه واحدة، ثم انصرفت عنه فجمعت شيئا، وتحول رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم إلى المدينة، ثم جئته فقلت له: إني قد رأيتك لا تأكل الصدقة، وهذه هدية أكرمتك بها قال: فأكل رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم منها، وأمر أصحابه فأكلوا معه. قال: فقلت في نفسي هاتان ثنتان قال، ثم جئت رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم وهو ببقيع الغرقد قد تبع جنازة رجل من أصحابه، وعليه شملتان وهو جالس في أصحابه فسلمت عليه، ثم استدبرته أنظر إلى ظهره هل أرى الخاتم الذي وصف لي صاحبي؟ فلما رآني رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم استدبرته عرف أني أستثبت في شيء وصف لي فألقى رداءه عن ظهره فنظرت إلى الخاتم فعرفته فأكببت عليه أقبله وأبكي فقال لي رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم: تحول فتحولت بين يديه فقصصت عليه حديثي كما حدثتك يا ابن عباس فأعجب رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم أن يسمع ذاك أصحابه.
ثم شغل سلمان الرق حتى فاته مع رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم بدر وأحد قال سلمان: ثم قال لي رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم: كاتب يا سلمان فكاتبت صاحبي على ثلاثمائة نخلة أحييها له بالفقير وأربعين أوقية فقال رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم لأصحابه: أعينوا أخاكم فأعانوني في النخل الرجل بثلاثين ودية، والرجل بعشرين ودية، والرجل بخمس عشرة ودية، والرجل بعشر، يعين الرجل بقدر ما عنده حتى اجتمعت لي ثلاثمائة ودية فقال لي رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم: اذهب يا سلمان ففقر لها فإذا فرغت فائتني أكن أنا أضعها بيدي. قال: ففقرت وأعانني أصحابي حتى إذا فرغت جئته فأخبرته فخرج رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم معي إليها فجعلنا نقرب إليه الودي، ويضعه رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم بيده حتى إذا فرغنا فوالذي نفس سلمان بيده ما ماتت منها ودية واحدة فأديت النخل وبقي علي المال فأتي رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم بمثل بيضة الدجاجة من ذهب من بعض المعادن فقال: ما فعل الفارسي المكاتب قال: فدعيت له. قال: خذ هذه فأدها مما عليك يا سلمان قال: قلت: وأين تقع هذه يا رسول الله مما علي؟ قال: خذها فإن الله سيؤدي بها عنك قال: فأخذتها فوزنت لهم منها – والذي نفس سلمان بيده – أربعين أوقية فأوفيتهم حقهم، وعتق سلمان فشهدت مع رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم الخندق حرا، ثم لم يفتني معه مشهد

The Virtues of Fasting The Day of ‘Âshûra [10th of Muharram]

بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم

  • Why the Prophet fasted on The Day of ‘Âshûra & the initial obligation to fast


عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، – رضى الله عنهما – أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم قَدِمَ الْمَدِينَةَ فَوَجَدَ الْيَهُودَ صِيَامًا يَوْمَ عَاشُورَاءَ فَقَالَ لَهُمْ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم ‏”‏ مَا هَذَا الْيَوْمُ الَّذِي تَصُومُونَهُ ‏”‏ ‏.‏ فَقَالُوا هَذَا يَوْمٌ عَظِيمٌ أَنْجَى اللَّهُ فِيهِ مُوسَى وَقَوْمَهُ وَغَرَّقَ فِرْعَوْنَ وَقَوْمَهُ فَصَامَهُ مُوسَى شُكْرًا فَنَحْنُ نَصُومُهُ ‏.‏ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم ‏”‏ فَنَحْنُ أَحَقُّ وَأَوْلَى بِمُوسَى مِنْكُمْ ‏”‏ ‏.‏ فَصَامَهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم وَأَمَرَ بِصِيَامِهِ

Ibn ‘Abbâs reported that: The Messenger of Allâh (ﷺ) arrived in Medînah and found the Jews observing fast on the day of ‘Âshûra. The Messenger of Allâh (ﷺ) said to them:What is the (significance) of this day that you observe fast on it? They said: It is the day of great (significance) when Allâh delivered Moses and his people, and drowned the Pharaoh and his people, and Moses observed fast out of gratitude and we also observe it. Upon this the Messenger of Allâh (ﷺ) said: We have more right, and we have a closer connection with Moses than you have; so Allâh’s Messenger (ﷺ) observed fast (on the day of ‘Âshûra), and gave orders that it should be observed.

Sahîh Muslim 1130


  • Why the obligation to fast The Day of ‘Âshûra was abrogated

عَنْ عَائِشَةَ ـ رضى الله عنها ـ أَنَّ قُرَيْشًا، كَانَتْ تَصُومُ يَوْمَ عَاشُورَاءَ فِي الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ، ثُمَّ أَمَرَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم بِصِيَامِهِ حَتَّى فُرِضَ رَمَضَانُ وَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم ‏ “‏ مَنْ شَاءَ فَلْيَصُمْهُ، وَمَنْ شَاءَ أَفْطَرَ ‏”‏‏.

Narrated by ‘Âishah: (The tribe of) Quraish used to fast on the day of ‘Âshûra in the Pre-Islamic period, and then Allâh’s Messenger ordered (Muslims) to fast on it till the fasting in the month of Ramadân was prescribed; whereupon the Prophet (ﷺ) said, “He who wants to fast (on ‘Âshûra) may fast, and he who does not want to fast may not fast.”

Sahîh Bukhârî 1893


  • The reward for fasting The Day of ‘Âshûra

عَنْ أَبِي قَتَادَةَ الأَنْصَارِيِّ…قَالَ وَسُئِلَ عَنْ صَوْمِ يَوْمِ عَاشُورَاءَ فَقَالَ ‏”‏ يُكَفِّرُ السَّنَةَ الْمَاضِيَةَ ‏”‏

From Abû Qatâdah Al-Ansârî…: The Prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم was asked about fasting on the day of ‘Âshûra (10th of Muharram), whereupon he said: “It expiates the sins of the preceding year.”

Sahîh Muslim 1162


  • The keenness of the Prophet for fasting The Day of ‘Âshûra & its excellence

عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ أَبِي يَزِيدَ، سَمِعَ ابْنَ عَبَّاسٍ، – رضى الله عنهما – وَسُئِلَ عَنْ صِيَامِ، يَوْمِ عَاشُورَاءَ ‏.‏ فَقَالَ مَا عَلِمْتُ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم صَامَ يَوْمًا يَطْلُبُ فَضْلَهُ عَلَى الأَيَّامِ إِلاَّ هَذَا الْيَوْمَ وَلاَ شَهْرًا إِلاَّ هَذَا الشَّهْرَ يَعْنِي رَمَضَانَ

Ibn ‘Abbâs was asked about observing of fast on the day of ‘Âshûra whereupon he said: I do not know Allâh’s Messenger (ﷺ) singling out any day’s fast and considering it more excellent than another, except this day (the day of ‘Âshûra) and this month, meaning the month of Ramadan.

Sahîh Muslim 1132

عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ ـ رضى الله عنهما ـ قَالَ مَا رَأَيْتُ النَّبِيَّ صلى الله عليه وسلم يَتَحَرَّى صِيَامَ يَوْمٍ فَضَّلَهُ عَلَى غَيْرِهِ، إِلاَّ هَذَا الْيَوْمَ يَوْمَ عَاشُورَاءَ وَهَذَا الشَّهْرَ‏.‏ يَعْنِي شَهْرَ رَمَضَانَ

Narrated by Ibn ‘Abbâs: I never saw the Prophet (ﷺ) more keen to fast on a day, and that he favored more than another except this day, the day of ‘Âshûra, and this month, meaning the month of Ramadân.

Sahîh Bukhârî 2006


  • Fasting the day before ‘Âshûra – [9th of Muharram]

حَدَّثَنِي إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ أُمَيَّةَ، أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ أَبَا غَطَفَانَ بْنَ طَرِيفٍ الْمُرِّيَّ، يَقُولُ سَمِعْتُ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ، بْنَ عَبَّاسٍ – رضى الله عنهما – يَقُولُ حِينَ صَامَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم يَوْمَ عَاشُورَاءَ وَأَمَرَ بِصِيَامِهِ قَالُوا يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ إِنَّهُ يَوْمٌ تُعَظِّمُهُ الْيَهُودُ وَالنَّصَارَى ‏.‏ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم ‏ “‏ فَإِذَا كَانَ الْعَامُ الْمُقْبِلُ – إِنْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ – صُمْنَا الْيَوْمَ التَّاسِعَ ‏”‏ ‏.‏ قَالَ فَلَمْ يَأْتِ الْعَامُ الْمُقْبِلُ حَتَّى تُوُفِّيَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم

Ibn ‘Abbas reported that when the Messenger of Allâh (ﷺ) fasted on the day of ‘Âshûra and commanded that it should he observed as a fast, they (his Companions) said to him: O Messenger of Allâh, it is a day which the Jews and Christians hold in high esteem. Thereupon the Messenger of Allâh (ﷺ) said: When the next year comes, Allâh willing, we will observe fast on the 9th. But the Messenger of Allâh (ﷺ) died before the advent of the next year.

Sahîh Muslim 1134

 الترمذي وَرُوِيَ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ أَنَّهُ قَالَ صُومُوا التَّاسِعَ وَالْعَاشِرَ وَخَالِفُوا الْيَهُودَ. وَبِهَذَا الْحَدِيثِ يَقُولُ الشَّافِعِيُّ وَأَحْمَدُ وَإِسْحَاقُ

At-Tirmidhî said: It has been reported from Ibn ‘Abbâs that he said: “Fast the 9th and the 10th, and differ from the Jews.” This hadîth has been transmitted by Ash-Shâfi’î, Ahmad, Ishâq.

Jâmi At-Tirmidhî 755. Declared Sahîh by Al-Albânî

Virtues Of The Last Few Verses Of Sûrah Al-Baqarah

بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم

The Messenger (Muhammad) believes in what has been sent down to him from his Lord, and (so do) the believers. Each one believes in Allah, His Angels, His Books, and His Messengers. They say, “We make no distinction between one another of His Messengers” – and they say, “We hear, and we obey. (We seek) Your Forgiveness, our Lord, and to You is the return (of all).”
Allah burdens not a person beyond his scope. He gets reward for that (good) which he has earned, and he is punished for that (evil) which he has earned. “Our Lord! Punish us not if we forget or fall into error, our Lord! Lay not on us a burden like that which You did lay on those before us (Jews and Christians); our Lord! Put not on us a burden greater than we have strength to bear. Pardon us and grant us Forgiveness. Have mercy on us. You are our Maula (Patron, Suppor-ter and Protector, etc.) and give us victory over the disbelieving people. (2:285-286)
  • They were given to the Messenger صلى الله عليه وسلم during the Isra’ wa al-Mi’râj (The Night Journey)

عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، قَالَ لَمَّا بَلَغَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم سِدْرَةَ الْمُنْتَهَى قَالَ ‏”‏ انْتَهَى إِلَيْهَا مَا يَعْرُجُ مِنَ الأَرْضِ وَمَا يَنْزِلُ مِنْ فَوْقَ ‏.‏ قَالَ فَأَعْطَاهُ اللَّهُ عِنْدَهَا ثَلاَثًا لَمْ يُعْطِهِنَّ نَبِيًّا كَانَ قَبْلَهُ فُرِضَتْ عَلَيْهِ الصَّلاَةُ خَمْسًا وَأُعْطِيَ خَوَاتِمَ سُورَةِ الْبَقَرَةِ وَغُفِرَ لأُمَّتِهِ الْمُقْحِمَاتُ مَا لَمْ يُشْرِكُوا بِاللَّهِ شَيْئًا ‏”‏ ‏.‏ قَالَ ابْنُ مَسْعُودٍ ‏:‏ ‏(‏ إذْ يَغْشَى السِّدْرَةَ مَا يَغْشَى ‏)‏ قَالَ السِّدْرَةُ فِي السَّمَاءِ السَّادِسَةِ ‏.‏ قَالَ سُفْيَانُ فَرَاشٌ مِنْ ذَهَبٍ وَأَشَارَ سُفْيَانُ بِيَدِهِ فَأَرْعَدَهَا وَقَالَ غَيْرُ مَالِكِ بْنِ مِغْوَلٍ إِلَيْهَا يَنْتَهِي عِلْمُ الْخَلْقِ لاَ عِلْمَ لَهُمْ بِمَا فَوْقَ ذَلِكَ ‏.‏ قَالَ أَبُو عِيسَى هَذَا حَدِيثٌ حَسَنٌ صَحِيحٌ

[‘Abdullâh] bin Mas’ûd said:

“When the Messenger of Allâh (ﷺ) reached Sidrat Al-Muntahâ [The Lote Tree of the Furthest Boundary]” He said: ‘There terminates everything that ascends from the earth, and everything that descends from above. So there Allâh gave him three, which He did not give to any Prophet before him: He made fiver prayers obligatory upon him, He gave him the last Verses of Sûrat Al-Baqarah, and He pardoned the grave sins for those of his Ummah who do not associate anything with Allah.’

Ibn Mas’ûd said regarding the Âyah: “When that covered the Sidrah which did cover it! (53:16)” he said: “The sixth Sidrah in heavens.” Sufyân said: “Golden butterflies” and Sufyân indicated with his hand in a fluttering motion. Others besides Malik bin Mighwal said: “There terminates the creatures’ knowledge, there is no knowledge for them of what is above that.”

Jâmi’ At-Tirmidhî 3276. Declared Sahîh by Al-Albânî


  • They are from the treasure beneath the Throne

عَنْ أَبِي ذَرٍّ قَالَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ أُعْطِيتُ خَوَاتِيمَ سُورَةِ الْبَقَرَةِ مِنْ كَنْزٍ تَحْتَ الْعَرْشِ وَلَمْ يُعْطَهُنَّ نَبِيٌّ قَبْلِي

Narrated by Abû Dharr:

The Messenger of Allâh (ﷺ) said: I was given the last two verses from Sûrah Al-Baqarah from the treasure that is just beneath the Throne that was not given to a Prophet before me.”

Sahîh Al-Jâmi’ of Al-Albânî 1060


  • They are a light

عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، قَالَ بَيْنَمَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم وَعِنْدَهُ جِبْرِيلُ عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ إِذْ سَمِعَ نَقِيضًا فَوْقَهُ فَرَفَعَ جِبْرِيلُ عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ بَصَرَهُ إِلَى السَّمَاءِ فَقَالَ هَذَا بَابٌ قَدْ فُتِحَ مِنَ السَّمَاءِ مَا فُتِحَ قَطُّ ‏.‏ قَالَ فَنَزَلَ مِنْهُ مَلَكٌ فَأَتَى النَّبِيَّ صلى الله عليه وسلم فَقَالَ أَبْشِرْ بِنُورَيْنِ أُوتِيتَهُمَا لَمْ يُؤْتَهُمَا نَبِيٌّ قَبْلَكَ فَاتِحَةِ الْكِتَابِ وَخَوَاتِيمِ سُورَةِ الْبَقَرَةِ لَمْ تَقْرَأْ حَرْفًا مِنْهُمَا إِلاَّ أُعْطِيتَهُ

It was narrated that Ibn ‘Abbâs said:

“When Jibrîl was with the Messenger of Allâh (ﷺ), he heard a sound from above like a door opening. Jibrîl, peace be upon him, looked up toward the sky and said: ‘This is a gate in Heaven that has been opened, but it was never opened before.” He said: “An Angel came down from it and came to the Prophet (ﷺ) and said: ‘Receive the glad tidings of two lights that have been given to you and were never given to any prophet before you: The Opening of the Book (Al-Fâtihah) and the last verses of Sûrat Al-Baqarah. You will never recite a single letter of them but you will be granted it.'”

Sunan An-Nasâ’i 913. Declared Sahîh by Al-Albânî


  • They suffice for the night

عَنْ أَبِي مَسْعُودٍ ـ رضى الله عنه ـ قَالَ قَالَ النَّبِيُّ صلى الله عليه وسلم ‏ “‏ مَنْ قَرَأَ بِالآيَتَيْنِ مِنْ آخِرِ سُورَةِ الْبَقَرَةِ فِي لَيْلَةٍ كَفَتَاهُ‏”‏‏

Narrated by Abû Mas’ûd:

The Prophet (ﷺ) said, “Whoever recites the last two Verses of Sûrat Al-Baqarah at night, that will be sufficient for him [from evil & the devils].”

Sahîh Bukhârî 5009


  • Satan is repelled by them

عَنِ النُّعْمَانِ بْنِ بَشِيرٍ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صلى الله عليه وسلم قَالَ ‏ “‏ إِنَّ اللَّهَ كَتَبَ كِتَابًا قَبْلَ أَنْ يَخْلُقَ السَّمَوَاتِ وَالأَرْضَ بِأَلْفَىْ عَامٍ أَنْزَلَ مِنْهُ آيَتَيْنِ خَتَمَ بِهِمَا سُورَةَ الْبَقَرَةِ وَلاَ يُقْرَآنِ فِي دَارٍ ثَلاَثَ لَيَالٍ فَيَقْرَبُهَا شَيْطَانٌ ‏”

Narrated by An-Nu’mân bin Bashîr:

The Prophet (ﷺ) said: “Indeed Allâh wrote in a book two thousand years before He created the heavens and the earth, and He sent down two Âyat from it to end Sûrat Al-Baqarah with. If they are recited for three nights in a home, no Shaitan shall come near it.

Jâmi’ At-Tirmidhî 2882. Mishkât 2145. Declared Sahîh by Al-Albânî

The Beautiful Advice of Ja’far Al-Sâdiq (d.148 AH) to his Son

بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم

On the authority of some of the companions of Jaʿfar al-Ṣādiq, he said: I visited Jaʿfar while Mūsá (ie: the son of Jaʿfar) was with him and he was giving him this advice. What follows is what I remembered from it.

وعن بعض أصحاب جعفر الصادق قال دخلت على جعفر وموسى بين يديه وهو يوصيه بهذه الوصية فكان مما حفظت منها أن

He said to him: O my son, accept my advice and remember what I say, for if you remember it, you will live happily and die praiseworthy.

قال: يا بني أقبل وصيتي واحفظ مقالتي فانك إن حفظتها تعش سعيدا وتمت حميدا

O my son, he who is content with what Allāh portioned for him is rich, he who extends his eye to what is in the hands of others dies poor,

يا بني انه من قنع بما قسم الله له استغنى ومن مد عينه إلى ما في يد غيره مات فقيرا

And he who does not accept what Allāh, The Mighty and Majestic, portioned for him accuses Allāh, the Highest, in His judgment.

ومن لم يرض بما قسم الله عز وجل له اتهم الله تعالى في قضائه

He who minimizes his own mistakes magnifies the mistakes of others, and he who minimizes the mistakes of others magnifies his own mistakes.

ومن استصغر زلة نفسه استعصم زلة غيره ومن استصغر زلة غيره استعظم زلة نفسه

O my son, he who uncovers the veil of others [i.e. their faults], the faults of his house will be revealed,

يا بني من كشف حجاب غيره انكشفت عورات بيته

And who extends the sword of injustice is killed by it.

ومن سل سيف البغي قتل به

He who digs a hole for his brother falls in it.

ومن احتفر لأخيه بئراً سقط فيها

He who associates with fools is despised, he who associates with scholars is respected, and he who acts suspiciously is accused.

من داخل السفهاء حقر ومن خالط العلماء وقر ومن دخل مداخل السوء اتهم

O my son, speak the truth whether it is for you or against you and beware of gossip, for it sows hatred in the hearts of men.

يا بني قل الحق لك وعليك وإياك والنميمة فإنها تزرع الشحناء في قلوب الرجال

O my son, if you seek nobility (in people), seek it from its sources (i.e. the noble).”

يا بني إذا طلبت الجود فعليك بمعادنه.

Ibn al-Jāwzī, Ṣifah al-Ṣafwah 1/392

ابن الجوزي، صفة الصفوة ١/٣٩٢

The Virtues of The Month of al-Muharram

بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم

Verily, the number of months with Allah is twelve months (in a year), so was it ordained by Allah on the Day when He created the heavens and the earth; of them four are Sacred, (i.e. the 1st, the 7th, the 11th and the 12th months of the Islamic calendar). That is the right religion, so wrong not yourselves therein, and fight against the Mushrikun (polytheists, pagans, idolaters, disbelievers in the Oneness of Allah) collectively, as they fight against you collectively. But know that Allah is with those who are Al-Muttaqun (the pious – see V. 2:2).
  • It is a sacred month

عَنْ أَبِي بَكْرَةَ ـ رضى الله عنه ـ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صلى الله عليه وسلم قَالَ ‏ “‏ الزَّمَانُ قَدِ اسْتَدَارَ كَهَيْئَتِهِ يَوْمَ خَلَقَ السَّمَوَاتِ وَالأَرْضَ، السَّنَةُ اثْنَا عَشَرَ شَهْرًا، مِنْهَا أَرْبَعَةٌ حُرُمٌ، ثَلاَثَةٌ مُتَوَالِيَاتٌ ذُو الْقَعْدَةِ وَذُو الْحِجَّةِ وَالْمُحَرَّمُ، وَرَجَبُ مُضَرَ الَّذِي بَيْنَ جُمَادَى وَشَعْبَانَ ‏”‏‏

Narrated by Abû Bakrah:

The Prophet (ﷺ) said. “The division of time has turned to its original form which was current when Allâh created the Heavens and the Earths. The year is of twelve months, out of which four months are sacred: Three are in succession Dhul-Qa’da, Dhul-Hijjah and Muharram, and (the fourth is) Rajab of (the tribe of) Mudar which comes between Jumâdi-ath-Thaniyah and Sha’bân.”

Sahîh Bukhârî 3197

Imâm as-Sa’dî said: “They have been termed as sacred because of their additional sanctity and prohibition to fight during them.” (Taysîr al-Karîm Ar-Rahmân Fî Tafsîr Kalâm Al-Mannân)

Imâm Ibn Kathîr said: “In a small book collected by Shaykh ‘Alam ad-Dîn As-Sakhâwi, entitled, Al-Mashhur fi Asma’ Al-Ayam wash-Shuhur, he mentioned that Muharram is so named because it is a sacred month. To me, it was so named to emphasise its sacredness. This is because the Arabs would switch it around. One year they would say it was a sacred month, the following year they would say that it was not.” (Tafsîr Ibn Kathîr)


  • Sinning is graver and the multiplication of deeds is greater in these months

Imâm Ibn Kathîr said:

“Similarly, sin in general is worse during the Sacred Months.

‘Alî bin Abî Talhah narrated that Ibn ‘Abbâs said, Allâh’s statement,

﴿إِنَّ عِدَّةَ الشُّهُورِ عِندَ اللَّهِ﴾

(Verily, the number of months with Allâh…), is connected to

﴿فَلاَ تَظْلِمُواْ فِيهِنَّ أَنفُسَكُمْ﴾

(so wrong not yourselves therein), “In all (twelve) months. Allâh then chose four out of these months and made them sacred, emphasizing their sanctity, making sinning in them greater, in addition to, multiplying rewards of righteous deeds during them.”

Qatâdah said about Allâh’s statement,

﴿فَلاَ تَظْلِمُواْ فِيهِنَّ أَنفُسَكُمْ﴾

(so wrong not yourselves therein), “Injustice during the Sacred Months is worse and graver than injustice in other months. Verily, injustice is always wrong, but Allâh makes things graver than others as He will.” He also said, “Allâh has chosen some of His creation above others. He chose Messengers from angels and from men. He also chose His Speech above all speech, the Masâjid above other areas of the earth, Ramadân and the Sacred Months above all months, Friday above the other days and Laylatul-Qadr (The Night of Decree) above all nights. Therefore, sanctify what Allâh has sanctified, for doing so is the practice of people of understanding and comprehension.”

(Tafsîr Ibn Kathîr, Sûrah At-Tawbah 9:36)


  • The best fast after Ramadân, is the fast in Muharram

عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، – رضى الله عنه – قَالَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم ‏ “‏ أَفْضَلُ الصِّيَامِ بَعْدَ رَمَضَانَ شَهْرُ اللَّهِ الْمُحَرَّمُ وَأَفْضَلُ الصَّلاَةِ بَعْدَ الْفَرِيضَةِ صَلاَةُ اللَّيْلِ ‏”‏ ‏

Abû Harairah (may Allâh be pleased with him) reported:

Allâh’s Messenger (ﷺ) said: “The most excellent fast after Ramadân is in Allâh’s month, al-Muharram, and the most excellent prayer after what is prescribed is prayer during the night.”

Sahîh Muslim 1163


  • The Day of ‘Âshûra [10th of al-Muharram]

عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، – رضى الله عنهما – أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم قَدِمَ الْمَدِينَةَ فَوَجَدَ الْيَهُودَ صِيَامًا يَوْمَ عَاشُورَاءَ فَقَالَ لَهُمْ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم ‏”‏ مَا هَذَا الْيَوْمُ الَّذِي تَصُومُونَهُ ‏”‏ ‏.‏ فَقَالُوا هَذَا يَوْمٌ عَظِيمٌ أَنْجَى اللَّهُ فِيهِ مُوسَى وَقَوْمَهُ وَغَرَّقَ فِرْعَوْنَ وَقَوْمَهُ فَصَامَهُ مُوسَى شُكْرًا فَنَحْنُ نَصُومُهُ ‏.‏ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم ‏”‏ فَنَحْنُ أَحَقُّ وَأَوْلَى بِمُوسَى مِنْكُمْ ‏”‏ ‏.‏ فَصَامَهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم وَأَمَرَ بِصِيَامِهِ

Ibn ‘Abbâs reported that:

The Messenger of Allâh (ﷺ) arrived in Medînah and found the Jews observing fast on the day of ‘Âshûra. The Messenger of Allâh (ﷺ) said to them:What is the (significance) of this day that you observe fast on it? They said: It is the day of great (significance) when Allâh delivered Moses and his people, and drowned the Pharaoh and his people, and Moses observed fast out of gratitude and we also observe it. Upon this the Messenger of Allâh (ﷺ) said: We have more right, and we have a closer connection with Moses than you have; so Allâh’s Messenger (ﷺ) observed fast (on the day of ‘Âshûra), and gave orders that it should be observed.

Sahîh Muslim 1130

Sîrah Series: When Abdullâh Ibn Salâm – The Rabbi – Embraced Islâm

بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم

عَنْ أَنَسٍ، قَالَ سَمِعَ عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ سَلاَمٍ، بِقُدُومِ رَسُولِ اللهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم وَهْوَ فِي أَرْضٍ يَخْتَرِفُ، فَأَتَى النَّبِيَّ صلى الله عليه وسلم فَقَالَ إِنِّي سَائِلُكَ عَنْ ثَلاَثٍ لاَ يَعْلَمُهُنَّ إِلاَّ نَبِيٌّ فَمَا أَوَّلُ أَشْرَاطِ السَّاعَةِ وَمَا أَوَّلُ طَعَامِ أَهْلِ الْجَنَّةِ وَمَا يَنْزِعُ الْوَلَدُ إِلَى أَبِيهِ أَوْ إِلَى أُمِّهِ قَالَ ‏”‏ أَخْبَرَنِي بِهِنَّ جِبْرِيلُ آنِفًا ‏”‏‏.‏ قَالَ جِبْرِيلُ قَالَ ‏”‏ نَعَمْ ‏”‏‏.‏ قَالَ ذَاكَ عَدُوُّ الْيَهُودِ مِنَ الْمَلاَئِكَةِ‏.‏ فَقَرَأَ هَذِهِ الآيَةَ ‏{‏مَنْ كَانَ عَدُوًّا لِجِبْرِيلَ فَإِنَّهُ نَزَّلَهُ عَلَى قَلْبِكَ‏}‏ أَمَّا أَوَّلُ أَشْرَاطِ السَّاعَةِ فَنَارٌ تَحْشُرُ النَّاسَ مِنَ الْمَشْرِقِ إِلَى الْمَغْرِبِ، وَأَمَّا أَوَّلُ طَعَامِ أَهْلِ الْجَنَّةِ فَزِيَادَةُ كَبِدِ حُوتٍ، وَإِذَا سَبَقَ مَاءُ الرَّجُلِ مَاءَ الْمَرْأَةِ نَزَعَ الْوَلَدَ، وَإِذَا سَبَقَ مَاءُ الْمَرْأَةِ نَزَعَتْ ‏”‏‏.‏ قَالَ أَشْهَدُ أَنْ لاَ إِلَهَ إِلاَّ اللَّهُ، وَأَشْهَدُ أَنَّكَ رَسُولُ اللهِ.‏ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ إِنَّ الْيَهُودَ قَوْمٌ بُهُتٌ، وَإِنَّهُمْ إِنْ يَعْلَمُوا بِإِسْلاَمِي قَبْلَ أَنْ تَسْأَلَهُمْ يَبْهَتُونِي‏.‏ فَجَاءَتِ الْيَهُودُ فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ صلى الله عليه وسلم ‏”‏ أَىُّ رَجُلٍ عَبْدُ اللهِ فِيكُمْ ‏”‏‏.‏ قَالُوا خَيْرُنَا وَابْنُ خَيْرِنَا، وَسَيِّدُنَا وَابْنُ سَيِّدِنَا‏.‏ قَالَ ‏”‏ أَرَأَيْتُمْ إِنْ أَسْلَمَ عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ سَلاَمٍ ‏”‏‏.‏ فَقَالُوا أَعَاذَهُ اللَّهُ مِنْ ذَلِكَ‏.‏ فَخَرَجَ عَبْدُ اللهِ فَقَالَ أَشْهَدُ أَنْ لاَ إِلَهَ إِلاَّ اللهَ، وَأَنَّ مُحَمَّدًا رَسُولُ اللهِ.‏ فَقَالُوا شَرُّنَا وَابْنُ شَرِّنَا‏.‏ وَانْتَقَصُوهُ‏.‏ قَالَ فَهَذَا الَّذِي كُنْتُ أَخَافُ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ

Narrated by Anas:

‘Abdullâh bin Salâm heard the news of the arrival of Allâh’s Messenger (ﷺ) (at Medinah) while he was on a farm collecting its fruits. So he came to the Prophet (ﷺ) and said, “I will ask you about three things which nobody knows unless he be a prophet. Firstly, what is the first portent of the Hour? What is the first meal of the people of Paradise? And what makes a baby look like its father or mother?’. The Prophet (ﷺ) said, “Just now Gabriel has informed me about that.” ‘Abdullâh said, “Gabriel?” The Prophet (ﷺ) said, “Yes.” ‘Abdullâh said, “He, among the angels is the enemy of the Jews.” On that the Prophet (ﷺ) recited this Holy Verse:– “Whoever is an enemy to Gabriel (let him die in his fury!) for he has brought it (i.e. Qur’an) down to your heart by Allâh’s permission.” (2:97) Then he added, “As for the first portent of the Hour, it will be a fire that will collect the people from the East to West. And as for the first meal of the people of Paradise, it will be the caudite (i.e. extra) lobe of the fish liver. And if a man’s discharge proceeded that of the woman, then the child resembles the father, and if the woman’s discharge proceeded that of the man, then the child resembles the mother.” On hearing that, ‘Abdullâh said, “I testify that None has the right to be worshipped but Allâh, and that you are the Messenger of Allâh, O, Allâh’s Messenger (ﷺ); the Jews are liars, and if they should come to know that I have embraced Islâm, they would accuse me of being a liar.” In the meantime some Jews came (to the Prophet) and he asked them, “What is ‘Abdullâh’s status amongst you?” They replied, “He is the best amongst us, and he is our chief and the son of our chief.” The Prophet (ﷺ) said, “What would you think if ‘Abdullâh bin Salâm embraced Islâm?” They replied, “May Allâh protect him from this!” Then ‘Abdullâh came out and said, “I testify that None has the right to be worshipped but Allâh and that Muhammad is the Messenger of Allâ.” The Jews then said, ” ‘Abdullâh is the worst of us and the son of the worst of us,” and disparaged him. On that ‘Abdullâh said, “O Allâh’s Messenger (ﷺ)! This is what I was afraid of!”

Sahîh Bukhârî 4480

The Reason For The Revelation of Verse 13 of Sûrah ar-Ra’d [13]

بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم

Sûrah ar-Ra’d 13:13

قال الإمام أبو بكر أحمد بن عمرو الشهير بالبزار كما في كشف الأستار ج3 ص54 حدثنا عبدة بن عبد الله أنبأ يزيد بن هارون أنبأ ديلم بن غزوان ثنا ثابت عن أنس قال بعث رسول الله صلى الله عليه وعلى آله وسلم رجلا من أصحابه إلى رجل من عظماء الجاهلية يدعوه إلى الله تبارك وتعالى فقال أيش ربك الذي تدعوني إليه من حديد هو؟ من نحاس هو؟ من فضة هو؟ من ذهب هو؟ فأتى النبي صلى الله عليه وعلى آله وسلم فأخبره فأعاد النبي صلى الله عليه وعلى آله وسلم الثانية. فقال مثل ذلك. فأرسله إليه الثالثة. فقال مثل ذلك. فأتى النبي صلى الله عليه وعلى آله وسلم فأرسل الله تبارك وتعالى عليه صاعقة فأحرقته فقال رسول الله صلى الله عليه وعلى آله وسلم: “إن الله تبارك وتعالى قد أرسل على صاحبك صاعقة فأحرقته”. فنزلت هذه الآية: {وَيُرْسِلُ الصَّوَاعِقَ فَيُصِيبُ بِهَا مَنْ يَشَاءُ وَهُمْ يُجَادِلُونَ فِي اللَّهِ وَهُوَ شَدِيدُ الْمِحَالِ}

الحديث أخرجه أبي عاصم في كتاب السنة ج1 ص3


Anas (May Allâh be pleased with him) said:

“The Messenger of Allâh صلى الله عليه وسلم sent one of his companions to a man who was a leader in the days of Jâhiliyyah, to call him to Allâh. So he said, ‘What is your Lord which you call me to? Is he made of steel? Is he made of copper? Is he made of silver? Is he made of gold?’ The companion returned to the Prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم and informed him about that, so the Prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم sent him back a second time. He then repeated the same thing, to which the prophet sent the companion back a third time, whereupon he said the same thing. The companion then returned to the Prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم and informed him about that.

Allâh then sent down a thunderbolt upon him, burning him. The Messenger of Allâh صلى الله عليه وسلم said, ‘Verily, Allâh has sent a thunderbolt upon your associate, burning him.’ Then the verse was revealed:

 {وَيُرْسِلُ الصَّوَاعِقَ فَيُصِيبُ بِهَا مَنْ يَشَاءُ وَهُمْ يُجَادِلُونَ فِي اللَّهِ وَهُوَ شَدِيدُ الْمِحَالِ}

And He sends the thunderbolts, and therewith He strikes whom He wills, yet they (disbelievers) dispute about Allah. And He is Mighty in strength and Severe in punishment.

(Al-Bazzâr in Kashf al-Astâr 3/54. Ibn Abî ‘Âsim in As-Sunnah 1/3 – Declared authentic by Al-Albânî. Shaykh Muqbil in Asbâb an-Nuzûl. )

Sîrah Series: How Sa’d Ibn Mu’âdh & Usayd Ibn Hudayr Embraced Islâm

بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم

قال ابن إسحاق: وحدثني عبيد الله بن المغيرة بن معيقيب، وعبد الله بن أبي بكر بن محمد بن عمرو بن حزم، أن أسعد بن زرارة خرج بمصعب بن عمير، يريد به دار بني عبد الأشهل، ودار بني ظفر، وكان سعد بن معاذ ابن خالة أسعد بن زرارة فدخل به حائطا من حوائط بني ظفر، على بئر يقال له: بئر مرق. فجلسا في الحائط، واجتمع إليهما رجال ممن أسلم، وسعد بن معاذ، وأسيد بن حضير، يومئذ سيدا قومهما من بني عبد الأشهل، وكلاهما مشرك على دين قومه، فلما سمعا به، قال سعد لأسيد: لا أبا لك، انطلق إلى هذين الرجلين اللذين قد أتيا دارينا ليسفها ضعفاءنا فازجرهما، وانههما عن أن يأتيا دارينا، فإنه لولا أسعد بن زرارة مني حيث قد علمت، كفيتك ذلك، هو ابن خالتي ولا أجد عليه مقدما. قال: فأخذ أسيد بن حضير حربته، ثم أقبل إليهما، فلما رآه أسعد بن زرارة، قال لمصعب: هذا سيد قومه، وقد جاءك فاصدق الله فيه. قال مصعب: إن يجلس أكلمه. قال: فوقف عليهما متشتما. فقال: ما جاء بكما إلينا تسفهان ضعفاءنا؟ اعتزلانا إن كانت لكما بأنفسكما حاجة.
وقال موسى بن عقبة: فقال له علام أتيتنا في دورنا بهذا الوحيد الغريب الطريد يسفه ضعفاءنا بالباطل ويدعوهم إليه؟ قال ابن إسحاق: فقال له مصعب: أو تجلس فتسمع، فإن رضيت أمرا قبلته، وإن كرهته كف عنك ما تكره. قال: أنصفت. قال: ثم ركز حربته، وجلس إليهما، فكلمه مصعب بالإسلام، وقرأ عليه القرآن. فقالا فيما يذكر عنهما: والله لعرفنا في وجهه الإسلام قبل أن يتكلم، في إشراقه وتسهله، ثم قال: ما أحسن هذا وأجمله! كيف تصنعون إذا أردتم أن تدخلوا في هذا الدين؟ قالا له: تغتسل فتطهر، وتطهر ثوبيك، ثم تشهد شهادة الحق، ثم تصلي، فقام فاغتسل، وطهر ثوبيه، وتشهد شهادة الحق، ثم قام فركع ركعتين، ثم قال لهما: إن ورائي رجلا إن اتبعكما لم يتخلف عنه أحد من قومه، وسأرسله إليكما الآن; سعد بن معاذ، ثم أخذ حربته وانصرف إلى سعد وقومه، وهم جلوس في ناديهم، فلما نظر إليه سعد بن معاذ مقبلا، قال: قال أحلف بالله لقد جاءكم أسيد بغير الوجه الذي ذهب به من عندكم. فلما وقف على النادي، قال له سعد: ما فعلت؟ قال: كلمت الرجلين، فوالله ما رأيت بهما بأسا، وقد نهيتهما فقالا: نفعل ما أحببت. وقد حدثت أن بني حارثة قد خرجوا إلى أسعد بن زرارة ليقتلوه; وذلك أنهم عرفوا أنه ابن خالتك ليخفروك. قال: فقام سعد بن معاذ مغضبا مبادرا; تخوفا للذي ذكر له من بني حارثة، وأخذ الحربة في يده ثم قال: والله ما أراك أغنيت شيئا. ثم خرج إليهما، فلما رآهما سعد مطمئنين عرف أن أسيدا إنما أراد منه أن يسمع منهما، فوقف عليهما متشتما، ثم قال لأسعد بن زرارة: يا أبا أمامة، والله لولا ما بيني وبينك من القرابة ما رمت هذا مني، أتغشانا في دارينا بما نكره؟ قال: وقد قال أسعد لمصعب: جاءك والله سيد من ورائه قومه، إن يتبعك لا يتخلف عنك منهم اثنان. قال: فقال له مصعب: أو تقعد فتسمع، فإن رضيت أمرا ورغبت فيه قبلته، وإن كرهته عزلنا عنك ما تكره. قال سعد: أنصفت. ثم ركز الحربة وجلس، فعرض عليه الإسلام، وقرأ عليه القرآن – وذكر موسى بن عقبة – أنه قرأ عليه أول الزخرف، قال: فعرفنا والله في وجهه الإسلام قبل أن يتكلم لإشراقه وتسهله، ثم قال لهما: كيف تصنعون إذا أنتم أسلمتم ودخلتم في هذا الدين؟ قالا: تغتسل فتطهر، وتطهر ثوبيك، ثم تشهد شهادة الحق، ثم تصلي ركعتين. قال: فقام فاغتسل، وطهر ثوبيه، وشهد شهادة الحق، ثم ركع ركعتين ثم أخذ حربته، فأقبل عامدا إلى نادي قومه ومعه أسيد بن الحضير، فلما رآه قومه مقبلا، قالوا: نحلف بالله لقد رجع إليكم سعد بغير الوجه الذي ذهب به من عندكم. فلما وقف عليهم، قال: يا بني عبد الأشهل، كيف تعلمون أمري فيكم؟ قالوا: سيدنا، وأفضلنا رأيا، وأيمننا نقيبة. قال: فإن كلام رجالكم ونسائكم علي حرام حتى تؤمنوا بالله ورسوله. قال: فوالله ما أمسى في دار بني عبد الأشهل رجل ولا امرأة إلا مسلما أو مسلمة، ورجع أسعد ومصعب إلى منزل أسعد بن زرارة، فأقام عنده يدعوان الناس إلى الإسلام، حتى لم تبق دار من دور الأنصار إلا وفيها رجال ونساء مسلمون، إلا ما كان من دار بني أمية بن زيد وخطمة، ووائل، وواقف، وتلك أوس، وهم من الأوس بن حارثة، وذلك أنهم كان فيهم أبو قيس بن الأسلت، واسمه صيفي. وقال الزبير بن بكار اسمه الحارث، وقيل: عبد الله. واسم أبيه الأسلت: عامر بن جشم بن وائل بن زيد بن قيس بن عامر بن مرة بن مالك بن الأوس، وكذا نسبه ابن الكلبي أيضا. وكان شاعرا لهم قائدا، يستمعون منه ويطيعونه، فوقف بهم عن الإسلام، حتى كان بعد الخندق.

البداية و النهاية – [بَابُ بَدْءِ إِسْلَامِ الْأَنْصَارِ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُمْ]


Ibn Ishâq said: It is narrated from…. on the authority of ‘Amr Ibn Hazm that he said:’One day, As’ad Ibn Zurârah along with Mus’ab Ibn ‘Umayr (may Allâh be pleased with them) came out to the dwelling places of Banu ‘Abd Al-Ashhal and Banu Thafar. Sa’d Ibn Mu’âdh was the maternal cousin of As’ad Ibn Zurârah. He entered with him in one of the walled gardens of Banu Thafar, and some men of those who embraced Islâm sat with them. At that time, Sa’d Ibn Mu’âdh and Usayd Ibn Hudayr were the masters of their people of Banu ‘Abd Al-Ashhal. They were still polytheists, following the religion of their people.

When they heard about Mus’ab Ibn ‘Umayr, Sa’d said to Usayd: “Woe to you! Go to those two men who came to mislead the weak among us, and deter them and forbid them from coming to our houses. Had it not been for the fact that As’ad Ibn Zurârah is my relative as you know, I would have sufficed you with this mission, for he is my maternal cousin and I cannot do this to him.” Usayd took his spear and headed towards them. When As’ad Ibn Zurârah saw him, he said to Mus’ab:”This man is the master of his people. He is coming to you, so sincerely call him to Islâm.” Mus’ab said: “If he sits, I will talk to him.”

Usayd stood cursing them, and said: “What has brought you to mislead our weak? Go away if you want to save yourselves.” Ibn Ishâq said: Mus’ab said to him, in the calm voice of a confident believer in the toleration of his Da’wah: “Why do you not sit and listen? If you are satisfied with a matter, accept it and if you are dissatisfied with it, we will stop doing what you dislike.” Usayd said: “That is fair enough.” Then, he sticked his spear into the ground and sat with them. Mus’ab talked to him about Islâm and recited the Holy Qur’ân before him. It is narrated that they said: “By Allâh, we saw Islâm in the brightness of his face before he uttered a word.” Then, he said: “What good and fine speech this is! What do you have to do if you want to embrace this religion?” They said to him: “You should take a bath (Ghusl) to purify yourself, and purify your clothes, and testify the testimony of faith and pray.” Usayd got up, took a bath, purified his clothes, testified the testimony of faith and performed two rak’ah. Then he said, “There is a man behind me, and if he follows you and reverts to Islâm, all his people will follow him. He is Sa’d Ibn Mu’âdh, and I will send him to you now.”

He took his spear and went to Sa’d and his people who were sitting in their meeting place. When Sa’d saw him coming he said: “I swear by Allâh that Usayd Ibn Hudayr is coming to you with a face different from the one he left you with.” When Usayd stood over them, Sa’d said to him: “What have you done?” Usayd said : “I have talked to the two men and found no wrong with him. I have forbidden them and they responded saying: ‘We will do what you like.’ I have been told that Banu Hâritha headed for As’ad Ibn Zurârah to kill him when they knew that he is your maternal cousin out of despising you.” Sa’d got up in anger, fearing what he heard about Banu Hâritha. He took the spear in his hand and said:”By Allâh, I do not see you have sufficed anything.”

When Sa’d reached Mus’ab and As’ad, and found them secure, he knew that Usayd only wanted to drive him to them so that he would hear from them. He stood cursing them and said to As’ad Ibn Zurârah : “O Abu Umâmah, by Allâh, had it not been for the blood relationship between me and you, you would have not seen this calmness from me. Do you do what we dislike in our land?”

Before the arrival of Sa’d, As’ad had said to Mus’ab: “By Allâh, the master of his people has come. If he follows you, none of his people with lag behind him after he reverts to Islâm.” Mus’ab said to Sa’d: “Why do you not sit and hear? If you are satisfied with a matter, accept it and if you are dissatisfied with it, we will stop doing what you dislike.” Sa’d said: “That is fair enough.” Then, he sticked his spear into the ground and sat down. Mus’ab explained Islâm to him and recited the Holy Qur’ân before him” – Mûsa Ibn ‘Uqbah said – “he recited the beginning of Sûrah Zukhruf.” They said: “By Allâh, we saw Islâm in the brightness of his face before he uttered a word.”

Then, he said to them: “What do you do if you want to embrace this religion?” They said: “You should take a bath (Ghusl) to purify yourself, purify your clothes and testify the testimony of faith, and pray two rak’ah.” He got up, took a bath, purified his clothes, said the testimony of faith, prayed two rak’ah, took his spear and returned to the meeting place of his people with Usayd Ibn Hudayr. When his people saw him coming they said:” We swear by Allâh, that Sa’d has returned to you with a face different from that with which he left you.” When he stood over them, he said: “O Banu ‘Abd Al-Ashhal, what is my status among you?” They said:” You are our master, the best among us and have the best mind among us.” He said: “I prohibit myself from talking to your men and women until you believe in Allâh and His Messenger.” The narrator said:” By Allâh, by the end of the day, all the men and women of Banu ‘Abd Al-Ashhal had become Muslim.”

As’ad and Mus’ab returned to the house of As’ad Ibn Zurârah and stayed there to call the people to Islâm until all the families of Ansâr had Muslim men and women there in, except the family of Banu Umayah Ibn Zayd, whose leader and respected man was Abu Al-Qays Ibn Al-Aslat: he was a poet and his opinion was obeyed among them. He indeed prevented them from embracing Islâm, and it was only after the migration of the Messenger صلى الله عليه وسلم to Madînah, and the battle of Badr, Uhud and Al-Khandaq were over, that they embraced Islâm.

Al-Bidâyah wa Nihâyah 3:152.(Chapter: The Beginning Of Islâm For The Ansâr). See also Sîrah of Ibn Hishâm 222.

Sîrah Series: The First Jumu’ah

بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم

عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ كَعْبِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ، قَالَ كُنْتُ قَائِدَ أَبِي حِينَ ذَهَبَ بَصَرُهُ وَكُنْتُ إِذَا خَرَجْتُ بِهِ إِلَى الْجُمُعَةِ فَسَمِعَ الأَذَانَ اسْتَغْفَرَ لأَبِي أُمَامَةَ أَسْعَدَ بْنِ زُرَارَةَ وَدَعَا لَهُ فَمَكَثْتُ حِينًا أَسْمَعُ ذَلِكَ مِنْهُ ثُمَّ قُلْتُ فِي نَفْسِي وَاللَّهِ إِنَّ ذَا لَعَجْزٌ إِنِّي أَسْمَعُهُ كُلَّمَا سَمِعَ أَذَانَ الْجُمُعَةِ يَسْتَغْفِرُ لأَبِي أُمَامَةَ وَيُصَلِّي عَلَيْهِ وَلاَ أَسْأَلُهُ عَنْ ذَلِكَ لِمَ هُوَ فَخَرَجْتُ بِهِ كَمَا كُنْتُ أَخْرُجُ بِهِ إِلَى الْجُمُعَةِ فَلَمَّا سَمِعَ الأَذَانَ اسْتَغْفَرَ كَمَا كَانَ يَفْعَلُ فَقُلْتُ لَهُ يَا أَبَتَاهُ أَرَأَيْتَكَ صَلاَتَكَ عَلَى أَسْعَدَ بْنِ زُرَارَةَ كُلَّمَا سَمِعْتَ النِّدَاءَ بِالْجُمُعَةِ لِمَ هُوَ قَالَ أَىْ بُنَىَّ كَانَ أَوَّلَ مَنْ صَلَّى بِنَا صَلاَةَ الْجُمُعَةِ قَبْلَ مَقْدَمِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ـ صلى الله عليه وسلم ـ مِنْ مَكَّةَ فِي نَقِيعِ الْخَضِمَاتِ فِي هَزْمٍ مِنْ حَرَّةِ بَنِي بَيَاضَةَ ‏.‏ قُلْتُ كَمْ كُنْتُمُ يَوْمَئِذٍ قَالَ أَرْبَعِينَ رَجُلاً

It was narrated that ‘Abdur-Rahmân bin Ka’b bin Mâlik said:“I used to guide my father after he lost his sight, and when I took him out for the Friday (prayer), when he heard the Adhân he would pray for forgiveness for Abu Umâmah As’ad bin Zurârah, and supplicate for him. I heard that from him for a while, then I said to myself: ‘By Allah! What is this weakness? Every time he hears the Adhân for Friday (prayer) I hear him praying for forgiveness for Abu Umâmah and supplicate for him, and I do not ask him about why he does that.’ Then I took him out for Friday (prayer), as I used to take him out, and when he heard the Adhân he prayed for forgiveness as he used to do. I said to him: ‘O my father! I see you supplicating for As’ad bin Zurârah every time you hear the call for Friday; why is that?’ He said: ‘O my son, he was the first one who led us for the Friday prayer before the Messenger of Allâh (ﷺ) came from Makkah, in Naqi’ Al- Khadamât (a place near Al-Madînah), in the plain of Harrah Banu Bayâdah.’ I asked: ‘How many of you were there at that time?’ He said: ‘Forty men.’”

Sunan Ibn Mâjah 1082. Declared Hasan by Al-Albânî.

Is Alcohol Considered Najis (Impure) & The Ruling Of Using It For Medical Purposes

بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم


Is the external use of perfumes and scents which contain a certain amount of alcohol permissible to clean wounds?

Answer:

The answer to this question requires clarification on two points:

Firstly: Is Khamr unclean, or not?

On this question, scholars have differed…most of them say that the alcohol is physically impure, meaning that if it is spilt on the clothing or the body, it must be purified. There are also among the scholars those who say that alcohol is not physically impure, because physical impurity is a legal ruling, which requires evidence, and there is no evidence of that. And if it is not confirmed by legal evidence that alcohol is impure, then fundamentally, it is pure. Some may say that the evidence is in the Book of Allâh, the Most High:

يَـٰٓأَيُّهَا ٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُوٓاْ إِنَّمَا ٱلۡخَمۡرُ وَٱلۡمَيۡسِرُ وَٱلۡأَنصَابُ وَٱلۡأَزۡلَٰمُ رِجۡسٞ مِّنۡ عَمَلِ ٱلشَّيۡطَٰنِ فَٱجۡتَنِبُوهُ لَعَلَّكُمۡ تُفۡلِحُونَ ٠٩

“O you who believe! Khamr (all kinds of alcoholic drinks), gambling, Al­-Ansaab, and Al­-Azlaam (arrows for seeking luck or decision) are Rijs of Shaitaan’s (Satan) handiwork. So avoid (strictly all) that (abomination) in order that you may be successful.” [Sûrah Al-Mâ’idah 5:90]

And Rijs means filth, as Allâh, the Most High says:

قُل لَّآ أَجِدُ فِي مَآ أُوحِيَ إِلَيَّ مُحَرَّمًا عَلَىٰ طَاعِمٖ يَطۡعَمُهُۥٓ إِلَّآ أَن يَكُونَ مَيۡتَةً أَوۡ دَمٗا مَّسۡفُوحًا أَوۡ لَحۡمَ خِنزِيرٖ فَإِنَّهُۥ رِجۡسٌ أَوۡ فِسۡقًا أُهِلَّ لِغَيۡرِ ٱللَّهِ بِهِۦۚ فَمَنِ ٱضۡطُرَّ غَيۡرَ بَاغٖ وَلَا عَادٖ فَإِنَّ رَبَّكَ غَفُورٞ رَّحِيمٞ ٥٤١

“Say (O Muhammad): “I find not in that which has been inspired to me anything forbidden to be eaten by one who wishes to eat it, unless it be Maitah (a dead animal) or blood poured forth (by slaughtering or the like), or the flesh of swine (pork, etc.) for that surely is impure, or impious (unlawful) meat (of an animal) which is slaughtered as a sacrifice for others than Allaah.”” [Sûrah al-An’âm 6:145]

That is, the above mentioned foods, the Maitah, pork or blood poured forth are all Rijs, meaning unclean. And the evidence that Rijs here means unclean is the saying of the Prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم concerning the skin of the dead animal, that water purifies it, so his saying: “It purifies it” is a proof that it was unclean, and this is something well known to the scholars. But it may be said in reply to this that what is meant by Rijs here is spiritual unlceanness, not physical uncleanness, the of which is the Words of Allâh, the Most High:

رِجۡسٞ مِّنۡ عَمَلِ ٱلشَّيۡطَٰنِ

“Rijs of Shaitaan’s (Satan) handiwork.” [Sûrah al-Mâ’idah 5:90]

Additional evidence is the fact that gambling, Al-Ansab and Al-Azlam are not physically unclean, and the description (Rijs) here is all four: alcoholic drinks, gambling Al-Ansab and Al-Azlam… and if the description applies to all four of these things, then the ruling on all of them is the same.

Also, those who say that alcohol is not physically unclean have another proof from the Sunnah, which is that when the prohibition of alcoholic drinks was revealed, the Prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم did not order the vessel to be washed clean of it. Likewise, the Companions emptied them out in the markets, and if it was unclean, they would not have emptied them out in the markets, because that would necessitate pollution being spread throughout them.

Secondly: Since it is clear that the Khamr is not physically unclean – and that is the most authoritative saying in my opinion – then alcohol is not physically impure, but spiritually impure, because the alcohol which inebriates is Khamr, according to the words of the Prohpet صلى الله عليه وسلم :

كُلِّ مُسْكِرٍ خَمْرٌ

“Everything which inebriates is Khamr.”

And if it is Khamr, then its useas a beverage or a food , by being mixed with certain food to give flavour to it is clearly forbidden by the Book and agreement of the Scholars. But as for use for other things, such as cleansing bacteria and the like, it is a matter of opinion, and whoever avoids it is more prudent… but I cannot say that it is forbidden, though I do not use it myself, except when necessary, such as sterilising wounds and such likes.

Shaykh Muhammad bin Sâlih al-`Uthaymîn

(Fatâwa Islâmîyah p.26-28)


What is the ruling concerning the use of Alcohol in sterilising wounds and mixing some drugs with alcohol?

Answer:

Using alcohol for sterilisation is permissible due to necessity. If it is true that alcohol renders one senseless without necessarily making the person drunk, as claimed by some, then it is not Khamr (forbidden intoxicant); Otherwise, if it intoxicates, then it is this which prohibits drinking it according to explicit texts and consensus of the scholars.

When we look at the saying of Allâh,

إِنَّمَا يُرِيدُ ٱلشَّيۡطَٰنُ أَن يُوقِعَ بَيۡنَكُمُ ٱلۡعَدَٰوَةَ وَٱلۡبَغۡضَآءَ فِي ٱلۡخَمۡرِ وَٱلۡمَيۡسِرِ وَيَصُدَّكُمۡ عَن ذِكۡرِ ٱللَّهِ وَعَنِ ٱلصَّلَوٰةِۖ فَهَلۡ أَنتُم مُّنتَهُونَ ١٩

Shaitan (Satan) wants only to excite enmity and hatred between you with intoxicants (alcoholic drinks) and gambling, and hinder you from the remembrance of Allâh and from As-Salâh (the prayer). So, will you not then abstain? [Sûrah Al-Mâ’idah 5:91]

We can say that using it for other than drinking is permissible since it does not contain the meaning that led to the prohibition. Based on this, my view is that we should avoid using it in perfumes, but for sterilisation, there is nothing wrong with that because of the necessity, and due to a lack of any text prohibiting it.

Shaykhul Islâm Ibn Taymiyyah stated in his Fatâwâ [vol. 24 p.270]:

“Treatment by eating pork is not permissible, but rubbing the body with it then later washing it is based on the permission to handle Najâsah outside Salâh, on which there is a popular difference of opinions. The correct view is that is it permissible due to necessity, and whatever is permitted due to a necessity can be used in treating a sickness.”

Thus, Shaykhul Islâm Ibn Taymiyyah – may Allâh have mercy on him – has differentiated between eating and other uses in the case of handling an impure substance, moreso of alcohol which is not impure? Thia is because if it is not Khamr, then there is no ambiguity about its purity ; and even if it is Khamr, the correct view is that it is not impure (Najâsah) from two points of view:

One: because there is no text on its being impure and as long as there is no text to that effect, the general ruling is that it is pure, since it is not necessarily that whatever is forbidden is impure. Poison for example is forbidden, but it is not impure. On the other hand, the saying of Allâh : ‘for that is impure’ means here that it is not a physical but a symbolic impurity, as it was used in describing what cannot be said to be physically impure such as gambling, idols, divining arrows, and because the impurity was described as being ‘of the handiwork of Satan’, and that Satan aims at ‘causing hatred and enmity (among the believers), which shows that it is not a physical but an abstract impurity.

Two: that the Sunnah indicates the physical purity of Khamr. In the Sahîh collected by Muslim [Al-Labiy edition p. 1206], Ibn Abbâs mentioned that a man gave the prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم a gift of a barrel of wine, but the prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم said to him “Did you know that Allâh has forbidden it?” He said, “No”. Then he whispered to someone and the prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم said, “The One Who prohibited drinking it has prohibited selling it“, He (Anas) said, “So he opened the container and poured it away completely.”

Also, in the Sahîh collected by Al-Bukhârî [As-Salfiyyah Edition vol.5 p.112], it was reported by Anas that he was the attendant (serving wine) to a group of people in the house of Abû Talha (his step-father), when the prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم ordered someone to announce that ‘Wine has certainly been forbidden.‘ Anas said, “So Abû Talha said to me, ‘Go out and pour it away.’ Thus I went and poured it away, and it flowed in the alleys of Medînah.”

If wine was physically impure, then the prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم would have directed the owner of the barrel to wash his barrel as it is the case when donkey meat was forbidden at the Campaign of Khaybar, when the prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم said, “Pour it away and break the pots.” But they asked: ‘Should we throw the meat away and wash the pots?’ And he said, “If you wish.”

If wine had been a physical impurity, it would not have been spilled by Muslims in the markets of Medînah since it is not permissible to throw impurity on the roads of Muslims.

Shaykh Muhammad Rashîd Ridha said in his Fatâwâ [Majmuatu Fatâwa Al-Manâr p.1631]:

“In short, alcohol is a pure and purifying substance and a pillar in pharmacology and medical treatment and other manufactures. It is used in uncountable number of drugs. That forbidding Muslims from using it will prevent them from mastering several arts, sciences and many works. It is one of the greatest causes behind the excellence of the Europeans upon them (Muslims) such as chemistry, pharmacy, medicine, cure and manufacture. Certainly prohibiting its use in those things can lead to the death of many sick and wounded persons, or lead to increase in their period of illness and their pains.”

Indeed, this is a nice and strong statement – may Allâh have mercy on him.

Mixing certain drugs with alcohol does not mean they are forbidden if the concentration is of such a minute amount that its effects do not appear in the mixture, as mentioned by scholars.

Ibn Qudâmah said in Al-Mughnî [Al-Manâr ed. Vol. 8,p. 306]:

“If a person mixes flour and makes paste with it (meaning wine), then bakes and eats it, he is not to be punished because the fire has burned away the wine, removing its effect.”

In Al-Iqnâ’ [vol 4,p. 71] it is stated that:

“If the drinker were to mix it with water to the extent that he neutralised intoxicating effect, and turns the mixture such that it can bear the name of water, or treats his wounds with it (wine), he will not be caned (hadd), because he did not take it as a drink nor in a similar manner.”

This is also the implication deduced from hadîth and in accordance with Qiyâs (legal analogy).

A hadîth was reported from the Prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم that he said “Water is pure, nothing makes it impure, except when changed in its smell, taste or colour, by a Najâsah which occurs in it.” Even though the second part of the hadîth (i.e except) is weak, but there is a consensus of the scholars on abiding by its contents. The point of interest in the hadîth is that when Najâsah falls into it but does not change it, it retains its purity. Similarly, if wine is mixed with a Halâl substance, but does not affect it, then it remains Halâl.

There is a Ta’alîq [a narration with an incomplete chain of narrators] in the Sahîh of Al-Bukhârî [Vol. 9, p. 64] which states that: Abû Dardâ said concerning almurî [salted fish, made by placing it in wine and spread under the sun, changing the taste to other than that of wine] wine and sunshine have slaughtered whales.

The meaning of this statement (of Abû Dardâ) is that the fish – as a result of the salt placed on it and the sunshine it was exposed to, which removed the effect of the wine, hence making it halâl – is lawful to eat.

In addition, this view agrees with valid Qiyâs because:Wine (and all intoxicants) was prohibited due to the effect it causes (i.e intoxication). Whenever such an effect vanishes, the prohibition is removed. This is because rulings go hand-in-hand with their causes, as whenever the cause is certain and precise, as mentioned in a text or based on consensus, as is the case here.

Some people mistakenly thought that whatever is mixed with wine is forbidden, even if the quantity of the wine in the mixture is such that it does not have any observable effect in the mixture. They thought that this was the meaning of the hadîth which states : “Whatever intoxicates in large quantities, then its small quantity is also forbidden.” They said, “In this mixture there is a little of the wine (intoxicant) which intoxicates in large quantities, hence it becomes forbidden”.

They can, however, be answered as follows : that this small amount of wine is neutralised by something else, leaving it with no effects, neither in its qualities, nor on the ruling. The ruling thus goes to the overwhelming majority. As to the hadîth that says “Whatever intoxicates in large quantities, then its small quantity is also forbidden” means that if a drink is such that when taken in large quantities it intoxicates, and if taken in small quantities does not, then even small quantities of it is forbidden, because taking small quantities even though it does not intoxicate, leads to taking larger quantities. This is clearly explained in the hadîth reported by Â’isha – may Allâh have mercy on her – that the prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم said, “Every intoxicant is forbidden, and whatever intoxicates if a Faraq (equal to 19 cubits) of it is taken, then a handful of it is forbidden.”

The meaning of the hadîth is that if an intoxicating drink is such that only a Faraq of it intoxicates, even a handful of it is forbidden, which is exactly the meaning of the previous hadîth, “Whatever intoxicates in large quantities, then its small quantity is also forbidden.”

Shaykh Muhammad bin Sâlih al-`Uthaymîn

(Guidelines and Fatâwa Related to Sickness and Medical Practise, p. 143-148)